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Anesthetic Agents and Surgery during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Certain local anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine), especially those used in combination with epinephrine, when used for paracervical block anesthesia during labor have been associated with fetal heart rate bradycardia. Fetal bradycardia is thought to occur secondary to vasoconstriction of the uterine artery caused by the anesthetic agent (Fishburne et al., 1979). Paracervical block is not recommended in the presence of fetal heart rate variability abnormalities, or in compromised uterine blood flow (Carlsson et al., 1987). Bupivacaine is contraindicated for paracervical block anesthesia in pregnancy because of potential fetal bradycardia; lidocaine or chloroprocaine are preferred agents for paracervical block.
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
Published in Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug, Acute Pain Management, 2021
Pamela E. Macintyre, Stephan A. Schug
As outlined earlier, bupivacaine is more cardiotoxic than other local anesthetic drugs and any cardiovascular collapse that does occur may be more difficult to treat. Furthermore, in contrast to the development of toxicity with other local anesthetics, bupivacaine can lead to cardiotoxicity without premonitory CNS symptoms.
Knowledge Areas 7 and 8: Management of Labour and Management of Delivery
Published in Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth, Get Through MRCOG Part 1, 2020
Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth
Etomidate is used intravenously and is not an inhalational anaesthetic agent. Ketamine is used intravenously and is not an inhalational anaesthetic agent. Isofluratone is not a real drug. Bupivacaine is a local anaesthetic agent and is commonly used for epidural analgesia.
Intraoperative local instillation anesthesia using injection technique from J-VACTM drain for postoperative pain relief in male-type chest wall contouring surgery
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Toshiyuki Watanabe, Sho Komagoe, Yuzaburo Namba, Yoshihiro Kimata
In our study, the concentration of bupivacaine was adjusted to 0.3% bupivacaine and 1:500,000 epinephrine, in a bilateral total volume of 50 ml. Regarding bupivacaine dosage in the instillation anesthesia method, under the pectoralis major muscle implant insertion site, the efficacy of a single administration of 10 ml of bupivacaine (0.125% to 0.25%) for unilateral thorax has been reported [3]. In LIA cases, an analgesic effect has been reported with the use of a bupivacaine concentration of 0.125%–0.25% [5,8,9]. Regarding epinephrine dosage with bupivacaine in LIA, studies reported that when 1:200,000–1:3,000,000 epinephrine was added to bupivacaine and lidocaine, the duration of action of analgesics gets prolonged [8,9]. The lidocaine concentration used in this study was 0.2%. It has been reported that 0.5%–1% lidocaine is effective when used in combination with bupivacaine. However, in another report, the concentration of bupivacaine, and not the concentration of lidocaine, affected the duration of action [8,9]. Therefore, we consider that the concentration of lidocaine is not more important than bupivacaine and epinephrine concentration. In this study, 0.2% lidocaine provided sufficient analgesia.
The efficacy of bupivacaine for the treatment of strabismus
Published in Strabismus, 2022
Martha Farrelly-Waters, Joe Smith, Krishan Parmar
Suitable papers were identified using the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Citation Index. The search terms used were “bupivacaine,” “strabismus”, and “extraocular muscles.” Papers that investigated the effect of BPX as a stand-alone treatment and were published between the years 1980 and 2021 were included. The titles and abstracts were screened to determine if the papers met the inclusion criteria and those suitable were then read in full by the authors. Studies that used bupivacaine alone were prioritized for inclusion in this review. Papers that combined BPX with simultaneous strabismus surgery and/or botulinum toxin (BTXA) were excluded unless they offered insight into the efficacy of BPX-only treatment methods. Studies that were not published in English were excluded.
Effects of Dexamethasone on Bupivacaine-Induced Peripheral Nerve Injection Injury in the Rat Sciatic Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Mehmet Selim Çömez, Yakup Borazan, Tümay Özgür, Cafer Tayer İşler, Mustafa Cellat, Mehmet Güvenç, Muhammed Enes Altuğ
Regional anesthesia gains popularity with potential benefits of improved analgesia, decreased nausea and vomiting and increased patient satisfaction.1 Peripheral nerve blocks are one of the regional anesthesia methods with increasing popularity. Intraneural local anesthetic injectionisone of the important complications of the peripheral nerve block technique.2 Local anesthetics are related to increased inflammatory response, altered nerve permeability, and myotoxicity.3 Among local anesthetics, bupivacaine is an amid-type local anesthetic and is used widely in the regional anesthesia and has toxic effects on neurons.4,5 Bupivacaine may trigger apoptosis through a dose-dependent pattern by impairing the mitochondrial membrane and activating caspase-3 and other products.6