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The Plant Kingdom
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
Some plants containing Annonaceous acetogenins are indicated in the following table (for more details on each plant, please consult Chapter 9 of this book) (Figure 2.6):Structure of bullatacin, a major annonaceous acetogenin.(Adapted from Patrikios et al. 2015).
Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Abhidha Kohli, Taufeeq Ahmad, Sachidanand Singh
More than 200 bioactive components have been derived from different genuses of the Annonaceae family. A. squamosa constitutes phytochemicals isolated from all plant parts, such as leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. The chemical derivatives belong to groups of glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and amino acids. They include anonaine, aporphine, coryeline, isocorydine, norcorydine, glaucine, 4-(2-nitro-ethyl 1)-1-6-((6-o-β-Dxylopyranosy1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-oxy) benzene, benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline, camphene, borneol, camphor, car-3-ene, β caryphyllene, carvone, eugenol, geraniol, farnesol, 16-hetriacontanone, higemamine, hexacontanol, isocorydine, linalool acetate, limonine, menthone, rutin, methyl anthranilate, methylsalicylate, methylheptenone, p-(hydroxybenzyl)-6,7-(2-hydroxy ,4-hydro), α-pinene, n-octacosanol, b-pinene, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, thymol, and n-triacontanol; while leaf extracts lack alkaloids, proteins, and amino acids (Pandey and Barve, 2011b; Fofana et al., 2012). Acetogenins are the most common chemical compounds derived from plants of the Annoaceae family besides alkaloids and phenols (Coria-Téllezet al., 2018; Attiq et al., 2017; Alali et al., 1999). Bullatacin, bullatacinone, and squamone are the types of acetogenins derived from bark of A. squamosa and are found to be cytotoxic against breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 (Li et al., 1990). Leaf extract derivative rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside) is a flavonoid that has been found to be antioxidant, thus rendering it antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer properties (Soni et al., 2018). Various studies through the phytochemical analysis of extracts from A. squamosa plant parts revealed its utility for therapeutic purposes and have been tabulated in Table 17.2.
Folate-targeting annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions: significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in HeLa tumor-bearing mice
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Haowen Li, Yijing Li, Hui Ao, Dongdong Bi, Meihua Han, Yifei Guo, Xiangtao Wang
The in vitro drug release from FA-PEG-ACGs-NSps was investigated using the dialysis bag diffusion method. PBS was selected as the in vitro release medium. Bullatacin, the most abundant compound in ACGs (Figure S1), was used as an indicator for the quantitative analysis of ACGs released from the nanoparticles. As seen in Figure 2(C), FA-PEG-ACGs-NPs and PEG-ACGs-NPs displayed quite similar cumulative dissolution profiles, suggesting FA-modification did not affect the drug release of ACGs-NSps. Both FA-PEG-ACGs-NPs and PEG-ACGs-NPs displayed a burst release within the first 2 h, with the cumulative drug release reaching about 20%, followed by a steady and sustained drug release phase with the cumulative drug release reaching up to 82.98% till 120 h. We also investigated the in vitro drug release of ACGs physical suspensions (dispersed directly in deionized water) under the same condition as a control. However, no drug release was detected during the whole process of trial (data not shown). This phenomenon may be because the solubility of ACGs is so poor that no drug was released from ACGs physical suspensions under the same condition.