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Upper Airway Obstruction and Tracheostomy
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Administer high-flow oxygen via a face mask with a reservoir bag and use of humidification if practically possible. Heliox (80% helium:20% oxygen) results in less turbulent flow and allows the patient to experience reduced resistance during breathing. Steroids reduce mucosal oedema. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be given in any case where acute infection is suspected. Adrenaline nebulisers also can help to reduce airway oedema.
Healthy People / Immuno-enhancement
Published in Jonathan Anomaly, Creating Future People, 2020
But apart from resistance, using broad spectrum antibiotics that have the power to kill many different species of bacteria can kill beneficial bacteria, and can create the conditions for opportunistic pathogens to proliferate. For example, Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is a bacterium that hides out in our gut but which often multiplies in patients who have had prolonged doses of antibiotics. C. diff can produce life-threatening inflammation of the colon, and is often very difficult to get rid of (the cure, like the cause, is antibiotics). Thus, attempts to extirpate all bacteria in order to cure a specific infection can backfire. In some cases, it can produce a worse outcome than not using antibiotics at all.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published in Gozie Offiah, Arnold Hill, RCSI Handbook of Clinical Surgery for Finals, 2019
Management➢ Best done at a specialist multidisciplinary clinic.➢ Regularly inspect feet.➢ Appropriately fitted footwear & avoid walking barefoot.➢ Chiropodist for debriding calluses and for nail care.➢ If infected ulcer: Broad spectrum antibiotics.+/- Debridement of dead tissue.+/- Amputation of non-viable digits if adequate arterial supply for healing of amputationX-ray/MRI to rule out underlying osteomyelitis.➢ Consider revascularization if significant arterial disease.➢ Consider amputation if no response to medical or other surgical treatments.
Repair of the superior sagittal sinus following penetrating intracranial injury caused by nail gun accident: case report and technical note
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Eric S. Nussbaum, Patrick Graupman, Puja D. Patel
The literature describes various surgical approaches used to repair damaged venous sinuses in response to penetrating foreign objects. For a case involving a tile fragment penetrating the SSS, the foreign body removal caused bleeding from the sinus, which was controlled with Gelfoam, Surgicel, and pressure.15 In the case of a knife blade penetrating the cranial bone and touching the SSS, surgical removal of the blade from the bone risked reinjuring the SSS. Therefore, a craniotomy was performed instead that extended beyond the SSS while the blade remained in situ, and parts of the bone were removed in order to remove the blade from the bone. The remaining bone fragment was replaced, and the sinus leakage was covered with autologous material.16 In several cases, bleeding and leakage after removal of the foreign body from the sinuses were successfully controlled with Gelfoam, Surgicel, pressure, autologous material, and bipolar coagulation.15–17 The use of broad spectrum antibiotics is recommended to prevent infectious complications.10
Safety evaluation of axicabtagene ciloleucel for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Karthik Nath, Kitsada Wudhikarn, Ana Alarcon Tomas, Miguel-Angel Perales
The next major toxicity associated with CAR T-cell therapy, which can be seen in both the short- and long-term (contributed also by on-target, off-tumor B-cell aplasia) are infectious in nature. The development of consensus recommendations for prophylactic antimicrobial strategies and post CAR T-cell therapy immunization practices warrants consideration. Additionally, we need prospective clinical studies that report on immune reconstitution after CAR T-cell therapy. Given as it is highly specialized and resource intensive, CAR T-cell therapy is restricted to specialized medical centers. With this in mind, we need to develop a closer collaboration between specialized medical centers and our community oncologist colleagues, particularly with respect to subsequent monitoring of immune reconstitution labs, which has implications for post-therapy antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccinations. The impact of broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure and the role of the intestinal microbiome on toxicity profiles also requires further study [109].
Systematic review on activity of liposomal encapsulated antioxidant, antibiotics, and antiviral agents
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Reshna K. R, Preetha Balakrishnan, Sreerag Gopi
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents which are powerful weapon against bacterial diseases. The synthetic antimicrobial and biological products of non-microbial origin having antagonistic effects on bacteria. Some antibiotics are able to completely kill other bacteria, they are called bactericidal. While others inhibiting bacterial growth are termed as bacteriostatic. There are several ways of classification of antibiotics, based on their mode of action and spectrum of activity. Broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics are two classifications according to their spectrum activity. In broad spectrum antibiotics, it will kill or inhibit a broad group of bacteria. For example, antibiotics targeting Gram-negative bacteria. In narrow spectrum antibiotics, it will kill or inhibit the limited species of bacteria (Salem et al.2005).