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X-Ray Computed Tomography and Nanomaterials as Contrast Agents for Tumor Diagnosis
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
R. G. Aswathy, D. Sakthi Kumar
Polymer-encapsulated bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) NPs have revealed excellent functioning than iodine as CT contrast agent and established a safe in vivo profile [25,28]. Bismuth sulfide NPs offered high absorption of X-ray (Bi exhibits fivefold X-ray absorption than iodine), high stability of Bi at large concentrations (0.25 M Bi3+), prolonged circulation time (>2 h), and high biocompatibility than iodinated contrast agents. The study demonstrated the efficacy of polymer encapsulated Bi2S3 NPs for improved vascular, lymph nodes, and liver imaging in rodents. However, surface modification of Bi2S3 NPs, effort in size control of NPs, and risks associated with toxicity of Bi still remain.
Black tongue Pepto-Bismol
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
The mother has been giving the patient Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) intermittently for his stomach discomfort, which is the likely cause of this patient's tongue discoloration. Patients may also report darkening of the stools. According to the product website, “when a small amount of bismuth combines with trace amounts of sulfur in your saliva and gastrointestinal tract, a black-colored substance (bismuth sulfide) is formed.” This is a temporary and benign side effect of Pepto-Bismol. Symptoms should resolve several days after stopping the medication. No workup is required unless an alternate cause is suspected.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Todd J. Harris, Geoffrey von Maltzahn, Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Nanoparticle formulations that provide contrast for other imaging modalities including ultrasound and CT have been described. Perfluorocarbon emulsion nanoparticles composed of lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon liquid, about 250 nm diameter, are effective in giving echo contrast.61 Air-entrapping liposomes formulated from freeze-drying techniques have also been developed to give ultrasound contrast.62,63 These agents passively distribute in RES organs and areas of angiogenenis enabling enhanced imaging of these features. Bismuth sulfide nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents for CT imaging, giving blood pool contrast similar to that of iodine but at lower concentrations. These can also be used to image lymph nodes after phagocytic uptake.64 As with other imaging modalities, the attachment of appropriate ligands to nanoparticle-based CT and ultrasound contrast agents could be used for molecular imaging.
The protective role of autophagy in nephrotoxicity induced by bismuth nanoparticles through AMPK/mTOR pathway
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Yongming Liu, Huan Yu, Xihui Zhang, Yong Wang, Zhentao Song, Jian Zhao, Haibin Shi, Ruibin Li, Yangyun Wang, Leshuai W. Zhang
In recent years, bismuth-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be superior to iodinated CT contrast agents, owing to their high X-ray attenuation capability, long residence time and minimal residues in the organism (Kinsella et al. 2011; Li et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2014b). Different bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and applied for tumor-targeted therapy and multimodal imaging. For example, bismuth sulfide nanorods possess excellent photothermal effects with enhanced contrast in CT imaging. These combined features endow bismuth NP with functions of precise visual guide on tumor localization and tumors destruction (Liu et al. 2016b). In our previous work, we found that bismuth sulfide NP (BiNP) can serve as an excellent contrast agent for CT imaging owing to its broad X-ray absorption feature (Wang et al. 2016). In addition, other studies showed that bismuth sulfide nanorods can potentiate the anti-tumor efficacy of radiotherapy as radiaosensitizers (Cheng et al. 2017). Other than bismuth sulfide NP, functionalized bismuth oxide nanomaterials can also be used as contrast agents, which have exhibited excellent solubility and biocompatibility. For example, hyaluronic acid-functionalized bismuth oxide NP was found to enhance CT imaging of tumor with enhanced radiosensitization (Du et al. 2017). Therefore, other than traditional iodinated or gold-based systems, bismuth nanomaterials may be used as alternative CT contrast agents.
Emerging theranostics to combat cancer: a perspective on metal-based nanomaterials
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Tejas Girish Agnihotri, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Aakanchha Jain
Bismuth sulfide has been effective nanomaterial in counteracting cancer because of its remarkable property of functionalization with a therapeutically active molecule, fluorescent probe, or other imaging agents. It also finds wide applications in imaging techniques, namely, CT imaging, and PAI by virtue of its ability to act as a contrasting agent. Furthermore, the functionalization of bismuth sulfide NPs enables overcoming limitations such as low level of biocompatibility, toxicity, and poor stability which are generally faced by nonfunctionalized ones [92]. Some of the reported research findings related to bismuth sulfide NPs along with some metal oxides have been enlisted in Table 2.
Facile green synthesis of bismuth sulfide radiosensitizer via biomineralization of albumin natural molecule for chemoradiation therapy aim
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Hamed Nosrati, Fatemeh Abhari, Jalil Charmi, Mohammad Rahmati, Behrooz Johari, Sedigheh Azizi, Hamed Rezaeejam, Hossein Danafar
Herein, we report a BSA biomineralization facile method for achieving biocompatible BSA coated bismuth sulfide HNPs (Bi2S3@BSA HNPs). The resulting Bi2S3@BSA HNPs were characterized by ultra-small size and excellent colloidal stability. CUR, as a natural anti-cancer drug, was loaded on Bi2S3@BSA HNPs with physical encapsulation to form of Bi2S3@BSA@CUR HNPs. Then, anticancer effect of these nanoparticles was investigated, too. Furthermore, the enhanced efficiency of chemoradiation therapy confirms the radiosensitization and chemotherapeutic effect of Bi2S3@BSA@CUR HNPs.