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Feedback Connections: Splitting the Arrow
Published in Jon H. Kaas, Christine E. Collins, The Primate Visual System, 2003
FIGURE 16.1 Photomicrograph of neurons in layers 3A and 6 of area V2, retrogradely labeled by an injection of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) in area V1. Note typical bistratified lamination of feedback projecting neurons. Anterogradely labeled terminations are evident in layer 4, and labeled axons in layer 6. (BDA is primarily an anterograde tracer, but “sporadic” retrograde labeling can occur, in a projection-dependent and animal-dependent manner). Scale bar = 200 pm.
Meeting Report of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Academy of Surgical Research: Summary of Presentations, Labs, and Workshops, Focusing on Experimental Surgery, Las Vegas, NV, October 4–6, 2017
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Melanie L. Graham, Tracy Ziegelhofer, Jon Ehrmann
Lectures in this area highlighted experience with surgical models that support emerging therapies in brain and spinal cord injury. David Moddrelle from RxGen/St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation presented his development of an experimental model of spinal cord injury based on hemicompression of the cord at T9-10. With this surgical approach he demonstrated that it was possible to mimic the clinical situation while limiting postinjury deficits to minimize pain, distress, and discomfort to animals. This novel approach is highlighted in selected abstract titled, “Cranial Access for the Delivery of Biotinylated Dextran Amine (BDA) Neural Tracers into the Motor Cortex Following a T10 Hemicompression of the Spinal Cord to Produce a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), in the Caribbean Green Monkey Lumbar Intrathecal Catheterization in the Nonhuman Primate.” Lisa Johnson from the Toxikon presented her experience in managing immunocompromised rats undergoing calvarial defect surgery. She presented an overview of the characteristics of the nude rat, challenges they faced in size and health status, as well as how this was managed. Among the examples presented, she detailed the operating environment which included sterilization of anesthesia and equipment in contact with the animal. Jon Ehrmann from Bristol Myers Squibb presented his surgical approach for intrathecal catheterization which facilitates reliable and reproducible cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection in conscious nonhuman primates for subsequent biomarker evaluations. This approach has supported ongoing evaluation of therapies targeting neurodegenerative disease and is highlighted in selected abstract titled, “Lumbar Intrathecal Catheterization in the Nonhuman Primate.”
Neural regeneration therapy after spinal cord injury induces unique brain functional reorganizations in rhesus monkeys
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Jia-Sheng Rao, Can Zhao, Rui-Han Wei, Ting Feng, Shu-Sheng Bao, Wen Zhao, Zhaolong Tian, Zuxiang Liu, Zhao-Yang Yang, Xiao-Guang Li
Our previous work developed a neurotrophin-3(NT3)/chitosan carrier which released NT3 stably and constantly at least in 14 weeks, providing an optimal microenvironment for spinal cord regeneration [27] and eliciting robust de novo neural regeneration as well as sensorimotor functional recovery in both completely transected rats’ [25,28,29] and hemi-transected nonhuman primates’ thoracic cord [26]. Many myelinated, neurofilament (NF)-positive and biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)-fluorescein-positive fibres were observed in the rostral, middle, and caudal site of the NT3-chitosan tube after implantation [25]. With more than 12 months of NT3-chitosan material degradation cycle, corticospinal tract (CST) tracking with unilateral BDA injections in nonhuman primates showed a robust axonal regeneration across the damaged area to 15 mm caudal to the distal lesion edge [26]. These reconstructed neural tissues by NT3-chitosan material provide a substrate for the reconnection of afferent/efferent information flow and may influence brain functions. In this study, we used resting-state fMRI and Granger causality analysis (GCA) to evaluate the trends and differences of large-scale functional interactions in the brains of rhesus monkeys with injured and regenerated thoracic spinal cords. In addition, we further investigated the possible relationship between significantly changed causal interactions and the resting-state spontaneous activity of the local cortex and the hindlimb walking capability of animals. We hypothesized that given that the loss of nervous tissue could cause alterations in brain function, the regeneration should also lead to the reorganization of brain function and that the brain plasticity changes induced by these events had different spatiotemporal features, processes and relationship modes.
Meeting Report of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Surgical Research: Summary of Presentations, Labs, and Workshops, Focusing on Experimental Surgery, Charleston, SC, September 26–28, 2018
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Melanie L. Graham, Leslie J. Stoll, Jon Ehrmann
The C.W. Hall Award was presented to David Moddrelle for his abstract “Cranial Access for the Delivery of Biotinylated Dextran Amine (BDA) Neural Tracers into the Motor Cortex Following a T10 Hemicompression of the Spinal Cord to Produce a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), in the Caribbean Green Monkey,” published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2018 Mar 24:1-3 (ASR-17-5).