China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Miscellaneous Applications
Published in Vlado Valković, Low Energy Particle Accelerator-Based Technologies and Their Applications, 2022
Irradiation is a quick and credible method of disinfection of municipal sewage sludge. Sludge disinfection with electron accelerator can be used as soil fertilizer immediately after treatment and no large land areas are needed to their disposal for long time. The heavy metal content in treated sludge must be under the limits acceptable for agricultural applications. In spite of that the investment cost of such facility is relatively high, the operating cost are moderate and may be reduced by biogas manufacturing and heat and electricity generation. Sewage sludge can be used as a biomass in the methane fermentation process (renewable source of energy) and obtained digestate can be used as a fertilizer after hygienization by electron beam.
Eichhornia crassipes: Shedding Light on its Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Industrial Uses
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Fadia S. Youssef, Noor H. Aysa, Mohamed L. Ashour
Biogas is considered as a clean and agreeable fuel generated through the anaerobic assimilation of natural squanders such as cow excrement and vegetable squanders. Nowadays, it has become highly significant for local industries as fuel because of its expenses and tidiness. The essential part of the gas is methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide; thus, water hyacinth can be utilized as a potential feedstock for biogas creation because of its high carbon-nitrogen proportion. Biogas generation restores bioenergy via anaerobic absorption of water hyacinth followed by its co-assimilation with leafy foods squander and nitrogen to be recovered in the fluid profluent and thus it can be used as an effective fluid manure. Minimal effort biomass might be utilized to create fluids, gases, and biochar in a cost-efficient and ecologically inviting way through pyrolysis or co-pyrolysis in the future (Jayaweera et al. 2007b, Hernandez-Shek et al. 2016, Mishra and Maiti 2017).
Types of excreta disposal system
Published in Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem, Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics, 2018
Sandy Cairncross, Richard Feachem
Biogas can be generated from nightsoil on an individual family scale or at a large central facility. Biogas can also be generated from the sludge produced at a conventional sewage treatment works. A comprehensive review of this subject has been prepared by Wellinger et al. (2013).
Bioaugmentation of the green alga to enhance biogas production in an anaerobic hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Sevcan Aydin, Hadi Fakhri, Nalan Tavsanli
Another contrast was seen in the Proteobacteria, which declined in the biofilm layer in the existence of H. pluvialis while mostly remaining unaffected in the sludge. A higher degree of dissociation was also seen in the HP reactor’s sludge and biofilm layer, with Firmicutes and Proteobacteria accounting for more than half of the total community in the sludge but less than 25% in the biofilm layer. Acetothermia and Cloacimonetes, neither of which were present in the biofilm layers of the C1 and C2 reactors, predominated in the biofilm layer of the HP reactor. The phyla Acetothermia, Acidobacteria, Armatimonadetes, and Chloroflexi were barely detectable in the sludge samples from the C1 and C2 reactors, whereas their presence in the HP reactor was much higher. Acetothermia spp. produce acetate, which is utilized in the formation of methane, thus enhancing biogas production. Phylum Thermotogae, previously reported to be correlated with hydrogenotrophic methane formation, did not change in the sludge samples, however decreased within the biofilm layer with the addition of antibiotics; and was completely diminished in the HP reactor in both sludge and biofilm layers. Citrobacter, Fervidobacterium, Klebsiella, Clostridium sensu stricto 5 and 8, Raoultella and Coprothermobacter were the most abundant genera in biofilm layers of the C1 and C2 reactors. Further, Acholeplasma was the most abundant genus in the biofilm layer of the HP reactor.
Evaluating the potential severity of biogas toxic release, fire and explosion: consequence modeling of biogas dispersion in a large urban treatment plant
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Mohsen Mahdinia, Hamedeh Golmohammadpour, Reza Pourbabaki, Mostafa Mohammad-Ghasemi, Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi
Biogas is an important source of renewable energy. It is composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, and low amounts of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other gases. This means that various aspects of toxicology, flammability and explosion of biogas tanks must be considered [1,2]. The number of biogas plants and the amount of production and use of biogas in large and industrial treatment plants for wastewater treatment and energy production have increased significantly. Previous studies have shown that many incidents have occurred in the case of biogas release in various industries [1,3–5].