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Kindling
Published in Carl L. Faingold, Gerhard H. Fromm, Drugs for Control of Epilepsy:, 2019
The gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, a compound still included as a scabicide in therapeutic shampoos, is a convulsant substance at high doses, but low doses having no electroencephalographic or behavioral effects have been shown to facilitate the acquisition and persistence of kindled seizures.124,125 Similar proconvulsant activity was shown at both amygdaloid and hippocampal sites of stimulation.126 Neonatal exposure of rats to lindane also facilitated the acquisition of kindled seizures when they become adults.127 Interestingly, a structural isomer of lindane, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, has been shown to be anticonvulsant in the amygdaloid kindling model.128 These two compounds may be useful tools for further research on proconvulsant actions of chemicals interacting with kindling stimuli.
Effects of pesticide NeemAzal-T/S on thyroid, stress hormone and some cytokines levels in freshwater common carp, Cyprinus carpio L
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Yadav and Singh (1986) studied plasma T3 and T4 levels of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to malathion and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane. They found that there was a decrease in plasma T4 levels of fish exposed to malathion (10 and 20 ppm) and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (8 ppm) at the end of 4 weeks. They also reported that high concentration of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (16 ppm) caused an increase in T4 plasma level. Fish exposed to beta-hexachlorocyclohexane exhibit significantly lower plasma T3 and T3/T4 ratios, while malathion exposure has been reported to cause a significant increase in levels of hormones. In addition, studies have reported that Oreochromis niloticus fish (Coimbra et al.2005) exposed to endosulfan and zebrafish exposed to hexaconazole and tebuconazole fungicides have been reported to cause a significant decrease in T4 level (Yu et al.2013). It has been shown that male Carassius auratus fish exposed to monocrotophos cause a decrease in serum plasma TT3 level and TT3/TT4 ratio (Zhang et al.2014).
Clinical insights gained through metabolomic analysis of human breast milk
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2019
Flaminia Bardanzellu, Chiara Peila, Vassilios Fanos, Alessandra Coscia
N = 99 BM samples were collected from n = 16 mothers living in Western Australia at 2, 5, 9 and 12 months of lactation and the levels of 88 pesticides were analyzed with GC-MS/MS. Among these, only n = 3 (3.4%) were detected: p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p’-DDE), p,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p’-DDT) and beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH). P,p’-DDE, the most abundant, was detected in n = 83 samples (83%) and showed a mean concentration of 52.25 ± 49.88 ng/g fat, p,p’-DDT 27.67 ± 20.96 ng/g fat and β-HCH 48.00 ± 22.46 ng/g fat. These concentrations significantly decreased along the first year of lactation.