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Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
An excessive intake of food rich in carotenoids such as carrots, tomatoes, can result in a distinct orange-yellow color of the skin, called hypercarotenemia (9, 58). This symptom can be reversed by discontinuing beta-carotene ingestion. Unlike preformed vitamin A, beta-carotene is not known to be teratogenic or lead to reproductive toxicity or birth defect. Carotenes are strong antioxidants. High doses of beta-carotene supplements (20–30 mg/day) or diets with high levels of carotenoid-rich food for long periods are not associated with toxicity (9, 56). However, supplementation with beta-carotene, with or without retinyl palmitate, for five to eight years has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease in current and former male and female smokers and in male current and former smokers occupationally exposed to asbestos (56). In addition, beta-carotene supplements (20 mg daily) were also associated with increased mortality, mainly due to lung cancer and ischemic heart disease (56). In contrast, natural foods (fruits and vegetables) rich in beta-carotene or carotenoids protect against lung cancer and prevent heart disease (56).
Nutraceuticals and Brain Disorders
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Akshada Atul Bakliwal, Vijay Sharadkumar Chudiwal, Swati Gokul Talele
Beta-carotene is the primary wellspring of nutrient and has antioxidant properties which help in avoiding malignant growth and different sicknesses. Among different carotenes, beta-carotene is the most dynamic cell reinforcement. Alpha and beta-carotenes, alongside gamma-carotene and the carotenes, lycopene, and lutein which don’t change over to nutrient An, appear to offer security against lung, colorectal, bosom, uterine, and prostate diseases. Βeta-carotene is the more typical structure and can be found in yellow, orange, and green verdant foods grown from the ground. These can be carrots, spinach, lettuce, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, broccoli, melon, oranges, and winter squash.
Nutrition: Diet Therapy and Nutritional Supplements
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Beta-carotene is considered safe when it is consumed in food (Table 23.1) as part of a balanced diet. However, high doses of supplements can cause the skin to turn yellow or orange, and can cause increased damage to the body from free radicals.
Association of Serum Carotenoids and Retinoids with Intraprostatic Inflammation in Men without Prostate Cancer or Clinical Indication for Biopsy in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Susan Chadid, Xiaoling Song, Jeannette M. Schenk, Bora Gurel, M. Scott Lucia, Ian M. Thompson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Phyllis J. Goodman, Howard L. Parnes, Scott M. Lippman, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Elizabeth A. Platz
Covariates: At trial entry, men had a clinic visit and completed a questionnaire, which included age, race, smoking history, history of diabetes, and other lifestyle and medical factors. Weight and height were measured by trained staff at study entry, and weight was measured annually. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Participants were asked how physically active (i.e., walking, swimming, dancing, recreational sports) they were in the past four weeks and were classified as sedentary, light, moderate, or active. Serum cholesterol concentration was measured at baseline. Participants were asked to report on frequency of use of multivitamins and single supplements in the past 12 mo. We classified men as regular users of a vitamin A supplement if they reported use at least three times per week. We classified men as daily beta-carotene supplement users if their dose of beta-carotene from any type of supplement was >0 µg/day.
Novel frameshift mutation in NYX gene in a Russian family with complete congenital stationary night blindness
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2019
Marianna E. Ivanova, Inna V. Zolnikova, Ketevan V. Gorgisheli, Dmitry S. Atarshchikov, Preetam Ghosh, Debmalya Barh
So far, the only treatment option available for CSNB is the treatment for myopia (3). Treatment based on algae and high doses of beta carotene is arguable (NCT00569023). However, like for other retinal genetic diseases, gene therapy strategies for CSNB are under progress. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated delivery of mouse Nyx gene in the bipolar cells has been shown to restore visual function in a mouse model of CSNB1A (19). Further, CRISPR/Cas9 technology-based genome editing strategies for many retinal diseases are under clinical trial (20). Since the human NYX gene is only 2696 bp, a gene replacement therapy or CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of our identified mutation (NYX: p.His95fs) may be achieved in the near future and our reported family members would be the potential candidates for such gene therapy.
The impact of smoking and the influence of other factors on lung cancer
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
The antagonistic regulation of SCLC, SCC, and PAC-Alv versus PAC-Cl by cAMP signaling suggests that the reported steady increase in the global incidence of PAC at the expense of SCLC and SCC since the 1970s is caused by global factors that increase cAMP signaling. One such factor is global warming associated with an increase in allergic respiratory diseases observed over the last 50 years [101–104]. Prescription as well as over-the-counter medications for the management of respiratory allergies, including asthma, rhinitis, sinus problems and bronchitis, increase intracellular cAMP by a variety of mechanisms and their chronic use is likely responsible for the global decrease in SCLC and SCC and accompanying increase in PAC. Another potential factor is the popular addition of vitamin A, beta-carotene, and/or retinoids to cosmetic skin creams/lotions. As has been shown in a recent clinical trial that tested the retinoid tretinoin applied daily as a cream to the skin of face and ears for 6 years for skin cancer prevention [92], the chronic topical application of such products can cause NSCLC. Unfortunately, the histological type of NSCLC induced was not specified, but was almost certainly PAC-Cl, a conclusion that would explain why the global PAC incidence rise is particularly high in women.