China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Essential Oils: Clinical Perspectives And Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Jugreet Bibi Sharmeen, Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi
Bergamot oil has also been reported to cause phototoxic reactions (Kaddu et al., 2001). The development of localized and disseminated bullous phototoxic skin reactions was observed within 48 to 72 h after being into contact with bergamot oil aromatherapy followed by ultraviolet exposure. In another circumstance, a patient with no history of direct contact with aromatherapy oil was seen to still develop bullous skin lesions after being exposed to evaporated aromatherapy oil in a sauna and subsequent UVA radiation in a tanning salon. Bergamot oil possesses melanogenic and photosensitive activities owing to the presence of furocoumarins, principally bergapten (5-methoxy psoralen [5-MOP]). The photo-mutagenic as well as toxic activities of 5-MOP are also known and hence this study highlighted the potential health hazard associated with the use of aromatherapy oils containing psoralen (Kaddu et al., 2001).
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Bergamot is the common name of the fruit and plant of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, a small tree that blossoms during the winter, producing a fragrant pale yellow, spherical fruit 7.5-10 cm in diameter. Its origin is uncertain, but probably lies in the Mediterranean region. Citrus bergamia is commercially grown mainly in the southern Italian region of Calabria, where more than 90% of the world production is realized. Among the Citrus peel oils, because of its unique fragrance and freshness, bergamot essential oil is the most valuable and is therefore mainly employed in the perfumery (e.g. in the original Eau de Cologne) and cosmetic industries. The oil also serves for the flavoring of foods, tobacco, liqueur, tea e.g., Earl Grey tea) and soft drinks. Because of its antiseptic and antibacterial properties, bergamot oil is part of the pharmacopoeia of several countries and is used in the pharmaceutical industry and in sanitary preparations. It is also applied in folk medicine and is very popular in aromatherapy (23).
Adverse Effects and Intoxication with Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
The main components of volatile fraction of bergamot oil, a cold-pressed essential oil from the peel of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) fruit, are limonene (25%–53%), linalyl acetate (15%–40%), linalool (2%–20%), γ-terpinene, and β-pinene (Sawamura et al., 2006; see Navarra et al., 2015). In the non-volatile fraction, the main compounds are coumarins and furanocoumarins such as bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) and bergamottin (5-geranyloxypsoralen) (Dugo et al., 2000).
Bergamot oil as an integral component of nanostructured lipid carriers and a photosensitizer for photodynamic treatment of vitiligo: Characterization and clinical experimentation
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Mai Shaaban, Maha Nasr, Abeer A. Tawfik, Maha Fadel, Omaima Sammour
The use of plants rich in psoralens (natural photosensitizers) was employed many centuries ago in ancient India and Egypt for the treatment of leukoderma and vitiligo [23]. One of the most important plant products that have been frequently used is bergamot oil (BO), which is the oil of citrus bergamia belonging to family Rutaceae [24], and is mainly composed of volatile ingredients as limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, and nonvolatile compounds as bergamottin, bergapten, and citropten. BO was reported to induce phototoxic reactions with persistent pigmentation following application to the skin, and subsequent irradiation using ultraviolet light either UVA or UVB light [25–27]. This can be particularly advantageous for the treatment of dermatological diseases such as vitiligo, which is an acquired idiopathic skin pigmentation disease resulting from the loss of melanocytes from the basal layer of the epidermis [28]. Among the phototherapy protocols used for the management of vitiligo is the narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) light (with a peak at 311 nm) [29]. However, the NB-UVB light was reported to be more effective when combined with psoralens (P-NBUVB) owing to the direct melanin-inducing effect of 311 nm radiation, in addition to the psoralen-induced photochemical effects [29–31].
Biological effects of bergamot and its potential therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Sabrina Adorisio, Isabella Muscari, Alessandra Fierabracci, Trinh Thi Thuy, Maria Cristina Marchetti, Emira Ayroldi, Domenico Vittorio Delfino
The extreme compositional variability observed in the volatile fraction of bergamot oil and extracts results from various factors, including the period of production, cultivar of the fruit, area of origin, and extraction technology. For example, a recent study reported that the screw-press extraction method produces a juice with a higher content of flavanone glycosides than other processes, leading to a higher antioxidant activity, while maintaining the nutritional qualities of fresh-pressed juice (Cautela et al. 2019). Thus, it is important to determine the best cultivation and harvesting conditions Giuffrè and colleagues determined the optimal harvest period for each of the three gene variants to obtain the maximum quantity and quality (Giuffrè 2019).