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The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Data on penetration characteristics for these wettable powder fungicides through gloves were identified for benomyl, captan, chlorothalonil, and folpet.33–36 Based on breakthrough times, Sol-Vex Nitrile gloves provided at least 4 h of protection against benomyl (tested as a concentrated emulsion), whereas a thinner disposable nitrile glove provided less than 4 h of protection.35 The breakthrough times for Sol-Vex and a disposable nitrile glove were less than 4 h for folpet (as a concentrated emulsion), but similarly, the permeation rate was significantly lower for the thicker Sol-Vex product.36 Similar results were observed for chlorothalonil (tested as a solid and emulsion), in which Sol-Vex provided additional protection.34 The breakthrough time for a disposable nitrile glove was less than 2 h for captan (as a concentrated emulsion).33 Thus, nitrile gloves have been shown to provide a limited level of protection against these fungicides, with the thicker Sol-Vex gloves providing additional chemical resistance to breakthrough and permeation. Given the low breakthrough times, irrespectively of glove type, gloves should be replaced every 2 h or whenever contaminated.
Environmental toxicants on Leydig cell function
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Leping Ye, Xiaoheng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Qingquan Lian, Ren-Shan Ge
Carbamates are used as insecticides and fungicides. Maneb is a widely used fungicide in agriculture. Exposure of maneb (1 and 4 mg/kg BW/day, i.p.) for 9–18 days to male rats reduced testosterone production and CYP11A1 activity in Leydig cells.192 Carbendazim is a metabolite of benomyl, one of the most widespread environmental contaminants. Exposure to carbendazim (25 mg/kg BW/day) to male rats for 48 days significantly reduced testosterone levels and 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD3 activities without affecting serum LH levels.193 Exposure to carbendazim to rats also caused an increase in ROS production and the downregulation of Star mRNA levels. The addition of a flavonoid can prevent this, suggesting an ROS-inducing mechanism.194
Work in progress
Published in Richard Lawson, Jonathon Porritt, Bills of Health, 2018
Richard Lawson, Jonathon Porritt
Several studies have shown that sperm counts have fallen significantly over the past 50 years. For instance, Dutch research22 found that men who used carbaryl, benomyl and thiram to spray fruit took longer to make their wives pregnant. Twenty-eight per cent of those with high exposure and 8% of those with lower exposure were sufficiently worried to consult their doctors about this
Advances in understanding and managing Scedosporium respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Yohann Le Govic, Samar Kabbara, Bernard Cimon, Rachid Zouhair, Monzer Hamze, Nicolas Papon, Gilles Nevez
Fungi of the genus Scedosporium are usually soil saprophytes, with a worldwide distribution. These fungi have been reported from all continents and from a large diversity of nutrient-rich substrates, including guano of bats, chickens and blackbirds, manure of livestock, poultry or cattle, ditch muds, pond bottoms, swamps, muds of coastal tidelands, polluted waters and WWTP effluents (for a review, see Rougeron et al. [46]). The isolation of these fungi from these substrates may be explained by their ability to survive in poorly aerated environments, their tolerance to high salt concentrations and osmotic pressures, and their ability to use aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatic pollutants as a source of carbon and energy. Nevertheless, all these reports deal with sporadic isolations, and the ecology of Scedosporium species has been clarified only recently thanks to the development of selective culture media using the resistance of these fungi to benomyl, or the particular biochemical properties of these fungi. For instance, Rainer et al. [47] described a semi-selective culture medium, called Sce-Sel +, containing dichloran and benomyl, but the highest selectivity and sensitivity were obtained with the Scedo-Select III culture medium which combines these inhibitors and the use of 4-hydroxybenzoate as the sole carbon source [48].
Glutathione reductase and catalase as potential biomarkers for synergistic intoxication of pesticides in fish
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Ankur Khare, Naina Chhawani, Kanchan Kumari
The increase in LDH levels in serum till 72 h can be justified with the fact that the pesticides were toxic enough to pose a threat to heart of fish. The LDH enzyme, an isoenzyme present in the heart muscle, leaks into the blood in case of major injuries in the heart. Thus, the progressive increase in LDH activity in serum indicates that pesticides can also cause damage to the heart muscle in the fish Catla catla and makes the fish vulnerable to cardiac myopathies. Similar finding has been reported by (Min and Kang 2008) upon exposure of benomyl on Oreochromis niloticus. The activity of LDH serum has decreased during 96 h which might be due to the activity of ROS in vivo. Although, LDH enzyme is a stable enzyme towards oxidation, the sudden decrease may be due to activity of oxidative enzymes coping to nullify the effect of ROS generated in the body (Alttas and Haffor 2010, Vasylkiv and Lushchak 2010. It has been reported by some authors that LDH activity can be a vital biomarker for oxidative stress (Alttas and Haffor 2010). Upon correlation for LDH serum and LDH muscle, a strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.89 was accounted clearly depicting parallel increase between both biomarkers enzymes.
A feature-based analysis identifies COL1A2 as a regulator in pancreatic cancer
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Jie Wu, Jing Liu, XiaoQing Wei, Qi Yu, XiangHuan Niu, ShuHong Tang, Lei Song
Among the screened optimal feature genes in PC, there were many known PC-related genes, and these predicted feature genes would coincide with many reported results. Many genes such as BUB1, FOXC1, STAT5B and VEGFA were found to be correlated to the development of PC, but the mechanism was not clear. For example, the predicted signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5B) gene could significantly inhibit the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of PC, which was thought to be a novel molecular target for PC25. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGFA) has long been considered as an important factor in the growth and spread of PC26. Other genes such as budding uninhibited by Benomyl (BUB1) were important components of the spindle pole body. Hempen27 found that BUB1 in PC cells had double missense variation, which affected the development of its tumour cells. Moreover, the predicted Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) gene is an important oncogene of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC)28. The role of some genes in PC such as COL1A2 in this paper has not been reported, but its role in the development of other cancers remains to be discovered.