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The menopause
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Bromide of potassium was the first agent to be specifically introduced as a sedative (others were chloral hydrate, paraldehyde, urethan, and sulfonal), and replaced laudanum, alcohol and herbal potions. Bromide was prescribed for irritability and insomnia and it remained the leader in the field until the introduction of Barbital (a barbiturate) in 1903. Bromides were still prescribed for menopausal symptoms in the mid-twentieth century.
Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oil Compounds
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Elaine Elisabetsky, Domingos S. Nunes
An overview of the hypnotic properties of the compounds discussed in this chapter is presented at Table 11.5. Phytol 4 did not show an effect on barbital sleep (Costa et al., 2014). α-Asarone 16 improved the quality of sleep in normal and sleep-deprived rats (Radhakrishnan et al., 2017). Limonene 19 potentiated barbital sleep only in the highest dose tested, whereas muscle relaxation was already present in the lowest (do Vale et al., 2002). γ-Decanolactone 25 potentiated barbiturate sleep when given ip or po, in doses much smaller than the LD50 (Coelho de Souza et al., 1997). No additional data on the hypnotic properties was found for any of these compounds.
Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Arup Kumar Misra, Pramod Kumar Sharma
“Sleep is the best meditation” is a well-said quote by Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader. In the modern world, worry has deprived human of rest, comfort, and sleep which resorted human to consume soothing substances derived from natural sources. Adolf von Baeyer, the chemist who in the late 19th century first synthesized barbituric acid. The sedative effect of the barbiturates was produced with addition of ethyl groups (Kauffman, 1980). At the start of the 20th century (1903), barbital was first introduced followed by phenobarbital (Luminal) in 1911 as it had both hypnotic and antiepileptic effects. Barbiturates due to its sedative effects flooded the market till 1960 (Norn et al., 2015).
Arecoline plays dual role on adrenal function and glucose-glycogen homeostasis under thermal stress in mice
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Romi Dasgupta, Indraneel Saha, Prajna Paramita Ray, Aniruddha Maity, Debajoyti Pradhan, Hari Prasad Sarkar, B. R. Maiti
Animal experiments were carried out following the “Principles of Laboratory Animal Care” (NIH publication No. 85–23, revised in ’85) and Indian Laws of Animal Protection (Registration No. 885/ac/05/PCSEA). All the experimental mice were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of sodium barbital (0.1 mg/100 gm body wt). Blood was drawn from heart and serum was collected and stored at –20 °C until assayed. Adrenal glands were dissected out, and right adrenals were weighed by Mettler balance and processed for measurements of epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. Right adrenals were saved for TEM study. A small piece of liver was weighed by Mettler balance and processed for liver glycogen quantitation.
Arecoline cannot alter testicular dysfunction and pineal activation caused by noise in wistar rat
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018
Indraneel Saha, Aniruddha Chatterjee, Urmi Chatterji, B. R. Maiti
Experiments were terminated at 9.00 AM after the last day of noise exposure. Rats were anesthetised with sodium barbital injection (0.1 mg/100 g body wt.). Blood was drawn from the heart of seven rats for the assay of pineal and testis hormones. Serum was collected and stored at −20 °C until assayed. Remaining three rats were used for transmission electron microscopic study of the pineal gland. Indoleamines (serotonin, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin) and testosterone concentrations were measured from blood serum of seven specimens. Fructose and sialic acid levels were measured also from seven specimens from each experimental group.
Arecoline ameliorates hyperthyroid condition in mice under cold stress
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018
Romi Dasgupta, Indraneel Saha, Aniruddha Maity, Prajna Paramita Ray, B. R. Maiti
Animal experiments were carried out following the “Principles of Laboratory Animal Care” (NIH publication No. 85-23, revised in ’85) and Indian Laws of Animal Protection (Registration No. 885/ac/05/PCSEA). All experimental mice were anesthetised by intramuscular injection of sodium barbital (0.1 mg/100 g body wt). Blood was drawn from the heart, and serum was collected and stored at –20 °C for measurement of serum T3, T4 and TSH levels. Paired thyroid gland weight was recorded to nearest milligram by semimicro analytical balance (Mettler, Greifensee, Switzerland).