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Acne Vulgaris
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Azelaic Acid: A 20% azelaic acid cream (Azelex) was found to be an effective acne treatment when used twice a day for at least four weeks. It is even more effective when used in combination with erythromycin.13
Acne, rosacea, and similar disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Benzoyl peroxide (2.5–10.0%) is quite effective and is used as a cream, gel, or lotion. Its prime action is as an antibacterial agent but it also has some comedolytic action. It is quite irritating and causes some pinkness, scaling, and soreness. Combination of other antibiotics with benzoyl peroxide reduces the chances of development of antibiotic resistance.Other topical preparationsAzelaic acid: it is a natural dicarboxylic acid with comedolytic, antimicrobial, and mild anti-inflammatory action. Due to its inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, it is also useful in improving post-acne pigmentation. It is available as a 15% gel and 20% cream.Salicylic acid: in patients who are not able to tolerate topical retinoids, topical salicylic acid (0.5–2%) gel can be used as an alternative comedolytic agent.
In silico analysis of multi-target antimelasma aloe vera compound
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
D. Hikmawati, T. Respati, Y. Yuniarti, L. Yuniarti
The present treatment for melasma still has side effects such as those seen with the use of hydroquinone, which causes burning, redness, and hypopigmentation on the face. In animal testing, hydroquinone causes kidney damage (Sahu et al. 2013). Tretinoin and retinoids (RA) can cause birth defects. Azelaic acid (AA) is also used. However, this compound is known to be less effective with unsatisfactory results (Nobakht et al. 2006).
Azelaic acid loaded chitosan and HPMC based hydrogels for treatment of acne: formulation, characterization, in vitro-ex vivo evaluation
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Muhammet Davut Arpa, İkbal Merve Seçen, Ümit Can Erim, Ayşegül Hoş, Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
Many formulations are being developed for the treatment of acne, which is one of the important skin conditions that affect wide populations. Azelaic acid, a natural substance, has been widely studied recently. In this study, azelaic acid-loaded hydrogel formulations were prepared using chitosan and HPMC polymers. The characterization studies and in vitro release findings revealed that H6 (6% HPMC) and K3 (3% chitosan) are the most suitable formulations. K3 and H6 demonstrated high permeation and penetration features compared to the marketed cream, which was confirmed with the results of ex vivo studies of the Franz diffusion cell using Balb/c mice skin. Anti-acne studies against C. acnes performed with a well diffusion method exhibited that hydrogel formulations yielded enhanced activity. In the light of these studies, it is predicted that K3 and H6 hydrogel formulations provide effective results in acne treatment. Additionally, elevated spreadability, lower hardness and compressibility properties of the H6 formulation demonstrated that it is more advantageous than K3 in terms of patient compliance.
The versatility of azelaic acid in dermatology
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Tamara Searle, Faisal R. Ali, Firas Al-Niaimi
Azelaic acid is a natural plant-sourced saturated dicarboxylic acid which has demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy or in combination in the treatment of rosacea, acne vulgaris (both inflammatory and comedonal) and several disorders of hyperpigmentation including melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (1). Azelaic acid is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for papulopustular rosacea (Finacea®; Bayer Healthcare Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc; Whippany, New Jersey, USA) as 15% gel or foam (Finacea®; Bayer Healthcare Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc; Whippany, New Jersey, USA) and is used off-label in melasma and acne vulgaris (2). We review the uses of azelaic acid in dermatology beyond rosacea, acne and hyperpigmentation.
Natural options for management of melasma, a review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Azelaic acid is a nine carbon, naturally occurring, nontoxic saturated non-phenolic dicarboxyl acid. Original use of azelaic acid was on the treatment of acne (53). Due to effects on tyrosinase, it has been used to treat hypermelanosis of the skin (90,91). Azelaic acid works on the mitochondrial enzymes resulting in direct cytotoxic effect towards melanocytes; it also inhibits DNA synthesis. It also has an effect on reduction of free radicals production (53). Studies done in Indo-Malay-Hispanic studies discovered that 20% concentration of azelaic acid is equivalent to those of 2% HQ (90). Baliña and Graupe (91) indicate a similar efficacy for 20% azelaic acid compared to 4% HQ, both in terms of lesion size reduction, pigmentary intensity, and overall response. Azelaic acid is well tolerated with minimal side effects such as a burning sensation, mild erythema, pruritis, cutaneous irritations, and scaling (90,91). There is dearth of data pertaining recent studies in azelaic acid on melasma; this topic requires more studies.