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Principles and Problems of Cadmium Analysis
Published in Lars Friberg, Tord Kjellström, Carl-Gustaf Elinder, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal, 2019
Carl-Gustaf Elinder, Birger Lind
In recent decades, atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) has become the most popular method of analysis. Because of its high capacity (sample through-put) and comparably low costs, AAS is commonly used for cadmium analysis in large series of samples. Different types of electrochemical methods are also used. Other more sophisticated methods are neutron activation analysis (NAA) and spark source mass spectrometry, especially isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). These latter methods are often used for analytical quality assurance purposes.
Dictionary
Published in Mario P. Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990
Atomic absorption spectroscopy. This is a method of chemical analysis where a flame photometer measures the absorption of particular wavelengths of light when passing through a flame in which atoms from metal salts (e.g., sodium and potassium) are being ionized. Small samples of body fluids are aspirated into a nebulizer and injected into a flame of propane or natural gas, or into a flameless electrothermal arc (e.g., carbon rod furnaces). Light is passed through the flame generated by a hollow cathode lamp lined with a coating of the metal to be analyzed. The characteristic spectral lines of the metal in question are radiated from the lamp and partially absorbed in the flame. A photometer detecting the radiation passing out of the flame can measure the quantity absorbed. Light emitted in the flame is separated from that absorbed, by pulsing the light source.
Assessment of trace element toxicity in surface water of a fish breeding river in Bangladesh: a novel approach for ecological and health risk evaluation
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Md. Refat Jahan Rakib, Yeasmin Nahar Jolly, Bilkis Ara Begum, Tasrina Rabia Choudhury, Konika Jannat Fatema, Md. Saiful Islam, Mir Mohammad Ali, Abubakr M. Idris
All chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade, while deionized water was used for solution preparation. About 500 ml of river water was filtered using Whatman® 41 filter paper. Water samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filters, cellulose nitrate. Then the water was acidified by adding 1 ml of 65% HNO3 acid, taken into two individual 300 ml beaker by dividing the water samples into 250 ml, reduced to 25 ml by using hotplate. For metal analysis, 20 ml water sample was treated with 5 ml 69% HNO3 acid and 2 ml 30% H2O2 in a closed Teflon vessel and was digested in a Microwave Digestion System. For arsenic analysis 0.5 ml of potassium iodide, 0.5 ml of ascorbic acid and 3 ml of HNO3 was added. Further dilution was made as per required for metal analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).
X-ray spectrometry imaging and chemical speciation assisting to understand the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Joyce Ribeiro Santos-Rasera, Rafael Giovanini de Lima, Dejane Santos Alves, Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro, Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho
There are studies on copper accumulation in fish after exposure were carried out with Danio rerio, Epinephelus coioides and Cyprinus carpio, and most of them were carried out with embryos, organs or cell cultures of these species, as shown in Table 2. The studies in Table 2 show some detection and quantification techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, ICP-OES and/or MS, flamephotometer, TXRF, histological slide and laser ablation. Despite being different techniques from each other, the study by Wang et al. (2014) and Sandrini et al. (2009) found copper accumulated in liver and hepatocyte cells; this latest study used atomic absorption, which reinforces our study that found copper accumulated in these regions.
Development of an algorithm for effective design of respirator half-masks and encapsulated particle filters
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Serhii Cheberyachko, Yurii Cheberyachko, Mykola Naumov, Oleg Deryugin
During the study, the testers performed sequentially the exercises provided for in Standard No. EN 140:1998/AC:1999: normal breathing; deep breathing; head movements from side to side; head movements up and down; conversation aloud; walking on a treadmill at a speed of 6 km/h. Each exercise was performed for 2 min. Each examiner made three measurements for each exercise. The result was averaged and entered into a special table in the ‘Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy program’ (AAS-2009, version 2), which provides for the definition of statistics in accordance with Standard No. ISO 5725-6: 1994. The results of the study are presented in Table 6.