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Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Astragalus membranaceus contains many types of phytochemicals including: formononetin, astraisoflavan, astrapterocarpan, 2’-3’-dihydroxy-7,4’-dimethooxyisoflavone, isoliquiritigenin, D-ß-asparagine, calycosin, cycloastragenol, astragalosides, kumatakenin, ß-sitosterol, soyasaponin, and astragalin.2 Extracts of Astragalus membranaceus exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects of significance for the treatment of MDD.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
The root contains 3.5 to 6% of podophyllum resin, which, in turn, contains 20% podophyllotoxin (C22H22O8), and toxic principle yielding podophyllic acid (C22H24O9) and picro-podophyllin (C22H22O10); 10% alpha-peltatin and 5% beta-peltatin. Several flavonoids (astragalin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, quercetin, and quercetin-3-galactoside) are also reported.29 Albumen, calcium oxalate, gallic acid, gum, quercetin, starch, and volatile and fixed oils are also reported.
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — The seeds yield 16.5% of a pale yellow fatty oil on extraction with petroleum ether, but only about 6.1 % when expressed in a hydraulic press.155 Ramchandran and Joshi,154 working on allied species, isolated isoquercitrin and astragalin from fresh flowers of B. purpurea. The coloring matter was separated which was 3-glucoside. The authors thought the presence of these glucosides may perhaps account for the medicinal value of flowers.
Aesculus indica: an updated review on its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Neha Yadav, Aakash Partap Singh, Avtar Chand Rana, Sunil Kumar, Prabhjeet Kaur, Jitender Singh, Ashok Jangra, Dinesh Kumar
Astragalin: It is a natural flavonoid found in various plant constituents. Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract was utilized to determine the effect of astragalin on the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, it productively elevates the timing of convulsions by suppressing the seizure rate. Many previous experimental studies showed that E. ulmoides have remarkable hypnotic CNS effects. It is effective in various types of biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antifibrotic and antioxidant. The anti-inflammatory response of Astragalin is accomplished by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF-κB), as it is actively involved in alleviating the degradation of IkBα and restricting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB [39].
Comparative pharmacokinetics of quercitrin, astragalin, afzelin and taxifolin in plasma after oral administration of Polygonum orientale inflorescence in sham-operated and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Lin Zheng, Yueting Li, Zuying Zhou, Wenying Xiang, Zipeng Gong, Siying Chen, Yonglin Wang, Aimin Wang, Yanyu Lan, Yongjun Li, Yong Huang
The intact herbal materials used for the preparation of the extracts were obtained from Guizhou Botanical Garden (Guiyang, China; November 2016) and identified by professor Qingde Long (Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China). Voucher specimens with accession numbers 20160813 were deposited at the Guizhou Medical University. The herbal medicines were subsequently sun-dried and ground. Astragalin (purity ≥98%, batch no. S31M7D15575) reference substance was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Afzelin (purity ≥98%, batch no. wkq1603094), quercitrin (purity ≥98%, batch no. wkq150702) and taxifolin (purity ≥98%, batch no. wkq150328) reference substances were obtained from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid of HPLC-grade were obtained from Merck KGaA Co., Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents were of chromatographic grade and were obtained from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Corp. (Tianjin, China). Deionized water was obtained using an EPED super-purification system (EPED, Nanjing, China).
Gynura procumbens ethanol extract improves vascular dysfunction by suppressing inflammation in postmenopausal rats fed a high-fat diet
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Khuzaidatul Azidah Ahmad Nazri, Qodriyah Haji Mohd Saad, Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi, Fhataheya Buang, Ibrahim Jantan, Zakiah Jubri
Due to these beneficial chemical constituents, researchers have extensively investigated the phytoconstituents of GP to demonstrate their therapeutic benefits on modulating hypoglycaemic (Algariri et al. 2014; Sathiyaseelan et al. 2020), hypertensive and cardioprotective (Hoe et al. 2011; Poh et al. 2013), antioxidant (Krishnan et al. 2015; Ahmad Nazri et al. 2019), and inflammatory responses (Ning et al. 2019). Wong et al. (2015) showed that kaempferol, a major constituent of GP, inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by modulating GSK3β (Ser9) enzyme, which was critical in regulating pathogen-induced inflammatory responses through phosphorylation in the life cycle of the plasmodial parasite during infection. Kim and Kim (2011) showed that astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine mediators, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression in LPS-activated mouse macrophages. Moreover, astragalin increased the expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 when supplemented with GP extract (Wong et al. 2015). Ning et al. (2019) reported that 80% ethanol GP extract has high potential in preventing inflammation by regulating NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 macrophages-LPS stimulated cells. This study showed that the pre-treatment with 250 μg/mL of GP could increase the cell viability by 90% and suppressed the expression of iNOS protein and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, astragalin might be the phytoconstituent of GP extract that exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.