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Natural Variability of Essential Oil Components
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
A related species, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), gained an adverse “reputation” due its thujone content and mutual side effects associated with absinthism (Lachenmeier et al., 2006). It is widely distributed in Europe and introduced also in other continents. The composition of the essential oil has been studied by several authors and highlighted that large amounts of thujones are representative only for one of the many chemotypes of A. absinthium while other mono- or sometimes sesquiterpenes are more frequently present as major components in the herb oil (Table 4.3). According to the investigation in the last decade, it is obvious that thujone may be not rarely even absent from the oil. Additionally, although wormwood is known among the few proazulen-containing species (Wichtl, 1997), chamazulene is only rarely and in low proportions present in the essential oil of the investigated accessions.
Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Common wormwood, Artemisia absinthium, known earlier as a classic stomachic stimulant of appetite, is today of medicinal interest as an anticancer drug (Wright and Colin 2002; Duke 2002; Efremov 2014). The herb contains 0.5–2% of essential oil (Murav’eva et al. 2007), which includes mono- and diterpenes that are weakly or non-fluorescent in the UV region, among them thujone, cadinene, phellandrene, and bisabolene. It may also contain the anticancer drug artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone (Zia and Chaudhary 2007). If the blue-green fluorescent surface images of the leaf glands and glandular hairs are compared with their emission spectra (Figure 3.3), one can see that secretions within the structures fluoresce with maximum 480 nm (spectra 1 and 2 for both glands and tips of glandular hairs) while weakly emitting in the middle of the hair with maximum 500 nm (spectrum 3). Chlorophyll, with maximum 680 nm, is seen weakly, if at all, by our optical probes.
Herbal Cannabinomimetics
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Reverse Pharmacology, 2018
As per data published in Nature, Artemisia absinthum Linn. (Absinthe) has been reported to activate the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (Nature 253: 365-356; 1975). Thujone (the active constituent in Absinthe oil) caused displacement of [3H]CP55940, a cannabinoid agonist, at concentrations above 10 microM. The result of [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays showed that thujone was not able to stimulate G-proteins even at 0.1 mM. The compound also lacked inhibitory action on forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in N18TG2 membranes at 1 mM. Rats administered thujone exhibited different behavioral characteristics in comparison to rats administered with levonantradol (a cannabinoid agonist) (Meschler and Howlett 1999).
Synergistic response of physicochemical reaction parameters on biogenesis of silver nanoparticles and their action against colon cancer and leishmanial cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Bilal Javed, Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani, Abdullah Sarwer, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Akhtar Nadhman
The different ratios of the reactants have different effects on the biogenesis of the SNPs (Figure 4(A)). Analysis of the UV-spectrum manifested a 1 to 9 ratio of the plant extract and AgNO3 respectively as the most suitable reactant proportion for the optimised biosynthesis of SNPs. It can be explained that different ratios of the reactants provide different concentrations of Ag+ ions and plant secondary metabolites in the reaction mixture and carve the final nano-product. Higher the concentration of plant extract results in increasing the number of reducing agents that may alter their active conformations and affect the process of synthesis of nanoparticles. A study was performed earlier that manifested the effects of different reactant proportions on the synthesis of SNPs by using Artemisia absinthium L. aqueous extract [23].
Nanostructured cochleates: a multi-layered platform for cellular transportation of therapeutics
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Pravin Shende, Rohan Khair, Ram S. Gaud
Volatile oil which is obtained from Artemisia absinthium L. shows poor solubility and poor stability. So essential oil (EO) is encapsulated in nanocochleates to improve the stability and solubility by showing better therapeutic efficacy [70]. In vivo studies were performed to show EO-Aa-NC-based formulation for reducing the lesion size and showing better results than standard drug glucantime [71].
Acute toxic kidney injury
Published in Renal Failure, 2019
Nadezda Petejova, Arnost Martinek, Josef Zadrazil, Vladimir Teplan
Besides Chinese, Indian and African herbal medicine, the traditional herbal remedies of Persia show the deep historic relationship between religion, culture, plants and human health. The use of herbal medicines for treating renal conditions such as inflammation and urolithiasis and, some aspects of toxicology is described in the Hidayat in 1058 A.D. [46]. Over the centuries, the therapeutic approaches changed and many potential nephrotoxic, also renoprotective plants have been identified, e.g., Amaranthus spp., Artemisia absinthium, Rumex spp., Pennisetum spp., Portulaca oleracea and Cymbopogon spp. [47]. The published literature and scientific information on the nephrotoxic effects of Amaranthus sp. remain controversial. Some spp. are probably able to superimpose the toxic effects of plants producing oxalates which cause precipitation of calcium as calcium oxalate crystals in a number of tissues including the renal tubules and this can induce renal tubular necrosis. In one Australian report, a large number of animals (lambs) died after A. hybridus and A. retroflexus ingestion. The postmortem analysis showed bilaterally swollen kidneys with diffuse pale cortices strongly suggestive of acute toxic nephrosis [48]. The potentially valuable properties of Amaranthus greatly depend on its preparation before using. And in some countries in Africa (Uganda, Nigeria) and Iran (Persia), A. hybridus is used for its antioxidant and anticancer effects. It contains appreciable amounts of proteins, fat, fiber, carbohydrate and has calorific value, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and generally a few of toxicants [49–51]. Renoprotective effects have been observed for Cymbopogon citratus (Gramineae) known as lemongrass, in animal studies with rabbits and the aminoglycosides induced renal injury. Animals treated with C. citratus histologically exhibited intact parenchyma with no evidence of tubular necrosis or any significant abnormality in glomeruli [52].