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Integrated Management in Elderly
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
The goals of treating renal failure patients with Chinese medicine are to stabilise the condition, enhance renal function and delay the onset of dialysis. Patients with mild conditions (i.e. creatinine level is less than 300 µmol/L) are recommended to take long-term Chinese medications to maintain the condition. There are some precautions for renal failure patients such as patients who are prohibited to take herbs with toxicity especially herbs that are rich in aristolochic acids that would give more harm to the kidneys. During both Chinese and western treatments, the practitioners and patients MUST keep track of the changes in creatinine for patient safety.
Urothelial and Urethral Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Ibrahim Jubber, Karl H. Pang, James W.F. Catto
Risk factors associated with UTUC include:Lynch syndromeArsenic in drinking water (Taiwan).Aristolochic acid (nitrophenanthrene caroboxylic acid produced by Aristolochia plants):Environmental contamination or ingestion of herbal remedies.Reacts with genomic DNA forming aristolactam-deoxyadenosine.Alcohol − odd ratio 1.23 in ever-drinkers versus never-drinkers.
Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channels in Pain and Depression
Published in Tian-Le Xu, Long-Jun Wu, Nonclassical Ion Channels in the Nervous System, 2021
Some natural-product compounds can also regulate the activity of K2P channels. Bautista et al. found that the active ingredient in Szechuan peppercorns, hydroxy-α-sanshool, induced depolarization of sensory neurons by inhibiting some K2P channels (TASK-1, TASK-3, and TRESK) to achieve analgesic effects (Bautista et al. 2008). Aristolochic acid (AristA) was found in traditional medicines and has been used to treat pain. Veale and Mathie found that AristA exerted its analgesic effects by enhancing the activity of TREK-1 and TREK-2 and by inhibiting the activity of TRESK. However, the pharmacological effects of aristolochic acid are complex and are related to nephritis and carcinogenesis (Veale and Mathie 2016). Monoterpenes (MT) are terpenes composed of two five-carbon isoprene units. For centuries, MT has been known for its antifungal, antibacterial and analgesic properties (Arazi et al. 2020). Ariza et al. recently discovered that TREK channels were activated by several MTs. In addition, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, two types of MT, robustly enhanced currents of alkaline-sensitive TASK-2, whereas carvone, another type of MT, could selectively inhibit the voltage-dependent current of the TASK family (Arazi et al. 2020).
Clinical value of identifying genes that inhibit hepatocellular carcinomas
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Ugo Testa, Elvira Pelosi, Germana Castelli
Aristolochic acid is a mutagenic compound contained in plants called Aristolochia or Asarum; these plants have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries [35]. The interaction between metabolites of aristolochic acid and DNA triggers the formation of adducts on adenine residues and determines A-T transversions: a specific mutational signature with A:T to T:A transversions was reported in a small subset of HCC patients [7]. Two epidemiologic studies carried out in Taiwan have shown that the administration of an herbal medicine containing aristolochic acid to individuals with chronic HBV or HCV infection increased the risk of developing primary liver cancer [36,37]. However, direct evidence linking aristolochic acid and HCC development is absent and a recent study based on the analysis of large cohorts of HCC patients and on the exploration of mouse models based on aristolochic acid supply to adult mice failed to support aristolochic exposure as a direct cause of liver tumorigenesis [38].
In silico prediction of anticarcinogenic bioactivities of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by tribal healers in Sathyamangalam wildlife Sanctuary, India
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pavithra Chinnasamy, Rajendran Arumugam
In silico tools used for pre-screening of compound activities and direct the studies towards the prior designing of particular work. PASS is a well-known tool used in almost all pharmaceutical industries which based on structure–activity relationship's analysis [27]. About 23 compounds corresponding to 20 plant species were selected and interpreted in PASS database to obtain the prediction of bioactivity. The collected 20 anti-inflammatory species which also observed to be used in tumor treatment by tribal inhabitants were predicted by PASS and indicated the existence of antineoplastic activity in 18 reported plants. The compound aristolochic acid from Aristolochia bracteolate Lam. showed higher probabilities for the antiseptic (0.968/0.002), respiratory analeptic (0.828/0.007) and apoptosis agonist (0.821/0.007) in prediction (Table 4) but various studies shows that aristolochic acid can be used on many types of cancer, including bladder cancer it closely resembles with the statement of usage of Aristolochia bracteolate Lam. in urinary track cancer and inflammation activity [26]. From the present study area, it’s clearly evidenced that the usage of aristolochic acid contained plants as a medicine existed previously in Indian subcontinent [28].
Cancer Related to Herbs and Dietary Supplements: Online Table of Case Reports. Part 5 of 5
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) conducted a thorough review and concluded (IARC, 2012): “There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of plants containing aristolochic acid in humans” (p. 359).“Plants containing aristolochic acid cause cancer of the renal pelvis and of the ureter” (p. 359).“There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of extracts of plants containing aristolochic acid” (p. 359).“There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of aristolochic acid” (p. 359).“There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of aristolochic acid” (p. 360).“Plants containing aristolochic acid are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)” (p. 360).“Aristolochic acid is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)” (p. 360).