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Herbal Supplements and Health
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Himangini Bansal, Sakshi Bajaj
Potential dangers in using natural drugs are commonly unrecognized. A standout amongst the most genuine dangers related to natural medications is the way that the customers erroneously accept that since herbs are natural, they are protected. Natural does not imply free from harm. Numerous natural medications are known to deliver poisonous responses, conceivable mutagenic impacts, or allergic reactions (Ernst, 1998; Senior, 1998). Regarding this, a case report from Belgium portrays an account of 30 ladies treated with a Chinese herbal slimming formulation. These ladies died from renal failure in 1991–1992. This happened with the use of Aristolochia spp. that is considered a nonharmful herb (Marwick, 1995). It is hard to figure out which botanicals contain lethal substances that have intense side effects in a huge fraction of users. It is more difficult, however, to recognize adverse effects that develop over a long period of time. Some of the effective herbal drugs with their side effects are summarized in Table 3.1.
Alternative Medicine in Vitiligo Including Home Remedies
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Traditional Siddha medicine uses Aristolochia indica, Tribulus terrestris, and Thespesia populnea [23]. Among these, Aristolochia indica root contains aristolochic acid, which might cause renal failure or cancer [15].
Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
C. fusca was inoculated and cultivated stationary in Noro medium (pH 8.0) at 25°C for 7 days, and (+)-1(10)-aristolene (36) (20 mg/50 mL) was added to the medium and further incubated for 10–14 days and cultivated stationary under illumination (pH 8.0) at 25°C for 7 days to afford 1(10)-aristolen-2-one (38, 18.7%), (−)-aristolone (39, 7.1%), and 9-hydroxy-1(10)-aristolen-2-one (40). Compounds 38 and 40 were found in Aristolochia species (Figure 23.18).
A review on the pharmacological properties, toxicological characteristics, pathogenic mechanism and analytical methods of aristolochic acids
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Miaomiao Zhang, Haiyan Liu, Yamei Han, Ligai Bai, Hongyuan Yan
In 1961, Filitis et al. (Filitis and Massagetov 1961) firstly proved that AA had anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Wu et al. (Wu et al. 2005) have reviewed the traditional/folklore medicinal uses and ethnopharmacology of Aristolochia species because of their numerous biological activity reports and unique constituents, AAs. The popular uses include the treatments of erysipelas, dysentery, gastrointestinal colics, snakebites, arthritis, poisoning, and pruritus, etc. In addition, it can be used as slimming regimens, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, purgative, mosquitoes repellent, antidote, anodyne, insecticide and so on. Zhang et al. (Zhang and Zhao 2003) and Wang et al. (Wang and Mao 2014) reviewed the strong physiological effect and clinical application of AA, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antibacterial, blood pressure regulation and anti-fertility activities. Sati et al. (Sati et al. 2011) reviewed phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Aristolochia indica. The substances isolated from different parts of the plants can treat dry cough, joints pain, inflammation, biliousness, dysphoea of children, snake bite and also used as abortifacient.
Risk characterisation of constituents present in jamu to promote its safe use
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Suparmi Suparmi, Dasep Wahidin, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
AAs, including AA-I and AA-II, are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compounds (Kumar et al. 2003). They are classified as group 1 carcinogens and belong to the most potent 2% of known carcinogens (IARC 2007; Stiborova et al. 2009). Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is potentially a crucial problem in the Asian area since a lot of people in this region still are convinced that traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which frequently contain AA producing plants, are safer than chemically produced “Western” drugs (Hong et al. 2006). AAN was reported in Belgium in 1991, where over 100 young women suffered from end-stage renal disease and in several cases cancer in the kidneys and the upper urinary tract due to the confusing nomenclature, resulting in a replacement of Stephania tetrandra (“Han Fang Ji”) by Aristolochia fangchi (“Guang Fang Ji”) in a Chinese herb-based weight-loss preparation (Gillerot et al. 2001). Similar to incidences of AAN, Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) occurring in Balkan regions in the 1950s, was ascribed to flour contaminated with Aristolochia clematitis (Arlt et al. 2002; Jelaković et al. 2014). More cases of AAN were reported in other countries including Spain, Japan, France, Belgium, UK, Taiwan, USA, Germany, China, Korea, Hong Kong, Australia, and Bangladesh (Gillerot et al. 2001; Jadot et al. 2017). Due to the severity of AAN and the past incidences, the use of AA-containing botanicals, especially Aristolochia sp. (Aristolochiaceae) is banned since 2001 in many countries worldwide (Debelle et al. 2008; Heinrich et al. 2009), including Indonesia (BPOM-RI 2001).
In silico prediction of anticarcinogenic bioactivities of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by tribal healers in Sathyamangalam wildlife Sanctuary, India
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pavithra Chinnasamy, Rajendran Arumugam
In silico tools used for pre-screening of compound activities and direct the studies towards the prior designing of particular work. PASS is a well-known tool used in almost all pharmaceutical industries which based on structure–activity relationship's analysis [27]. About 23 compounds corresponding to 20 plant species were selected and interpreted in PASS database to obtain the prediction of bioactivity. The collected 20 anti-inflammatory species which also observed to be used in tumor treatment by tribal inhabitants were predicted by PASS and indicated the existence of antineoplastic activity in 18 reported plants. The compound aristolochic acid from Aristolochia bracteolate Lam. showed higher probabilities for the antiseptic (0.968/0.002), respiratory analeptic (0.828/0.007) and apoptosis agonist (0.821/0.007) in prediction (Table 4) but various studies shows that aristolochic acid can be used on many types of cancer, including bladder cancer it closely resembles with the statement of usage of Aristolochia bracteolate Lam. in urinary track cancer and inflammation activity [26]. From the present study area, it’s clearly evidenced that the usage of aristolochic acid contained plants as a medicine existed previously in Indian subcontinent [28].