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Therapeutic Efficacy of Black Pepper in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
In addition to traditional medicine, black pepper is an effective antimicrobial agent against resistant pathogenic strains4. It has been reported to be the most efficient antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive pathogenic species, such as, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus. However, efficiency is low toward Gram-negative strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi).20
Potential of Mycochemicals in the Prevention and Control of Microbial Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Mushrooms absorb mineral elements, and are able to bio-accumulate them as functional organic compounds during growth. Mushrooms can therefore be used as vehicles to supply effective bioactive compounds that can be used in checking microbial diseases whose causative agent have developed resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agent. This will be a definite strategy to solve the problem of resistance of microorganisms to commonly used antimicrobial agent. Therefore, artificial cultivation of mushrooms on rationally prepared growth medium may help to produce novel bioactive compounds that can help in solving the present problem of ineffectiveness of currently known synthetic antimicrobial agents. Moreover, molecular farming through recombinant DNA technology can be used to insert the gene for the production of effective antimicrobial agent into mushrooms. This may enhance such genetically modified mushrooms to produce bioactive compounds that will be effective against etiological agents responsible for microbial diseases.
Antimicrobial Compounds from Medicinal Plants: Effects on Antibiotic Resistance to Human Pathogens
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Olutoyin Omolara Bamigboye, Idowu Jesulayomi Adeosun
Bacteria and other microbes usually develop resistance as a means of adaptation to the antimicrobial agent, and this is quickly passed to the progeny. This makes the treatment of bacterial infection increasingly complicated [51].
The war against bacteria, from the past to present and beyond
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Lucrezia Bottalico, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Maria Assunta Potenza, Monica Montagnani, Luigi Santacroce
The wider definition of antimicrobial agent, on the other hand, is reserved for any chemical substance – natural or synthetic – that can inhibit the growth of both bacteria and other microorganisms [4,6]. Although the terms antibiotics and antimicrobial agents are sometimes utilized interchangeably in a common language, the difference is relevant and must be underlined: while antibiotics specifically target bacteria, antimicrobials encompass a broader range of products able to act on bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Antimicrobial chemotherapy is a strategy to counteract infections intended to selectively destroy or inhibit pathological microbial development, without altering the function or damaging the structure of host cells (selective cell toxicity) (Figure 1). Ideally, the appropriate antimicrobial agent should: a) show selective toxicity (enhanced activity toward target microorganisms, not harmful to humans), b) not induce hypersensitivity reactions in the host, c) not extensively alter the host microbiota’s eubiosis, d) display appropriate pharmacokinetic properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) when administered systemically, and g) have affordable costs [7–11].
Drug discovery through the isolation of natural products from Burkholderia
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Adam Foxfire, Andrew Riley Buhrow, Ravi S. Orugunty, Leif Smith
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microbe to resist the static or cidal effect of an antimicrobial agent. Such resistance has evolved in microbes as a response to the widespread use of antimicrobials in modern medicine and agriculture. The proliferation of antimicrobial resistance represents a substantial threat to nations worldwide, imposing agricultural instability, loss of life, human suffering, and a drain on healthcare resources due to increased treatment costs and extended recovery times associated with antimicrobial resistant infections [1,2]. As a result, governing bodies at national and international levels commissioned the assessment of the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance starting in the late 2000’s, and that data has been regularly monitored since. In 2019, an estimated 2.8 million people in the United States were infected by an antimicrobial-resistant pathogen, with 35,900 deaths attributed to these cases in the same year [1].
Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis and its dose appropriateness among paediatric patients in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2019
Kazeem Adeola Oshikoya, Ibrahim Abayomi Ogunyinka, Comfort Adamaigbo, Ahmed Olowo-Okere
The use of appropriate antimicrobial agent was achieved in 60.3% of patients. Similar rate had been reported in a Canadian study.32 A high compliance to this SAP guideline in our study is above the 5.7– 8% reported in Italy,28,30 but below the 81–97.1% reported in other countries.27,29,31 Appropriate antimicrobial doses were administered to 24% of our cohort. This is lower than the rates reported in other similar studies in children.27,29–31 The definition of inappropriate antimicrobial dosing varied between studies. We used a relatively strict definition allowing for up to a 10% difference between recommended and actual dose as defined in a previous study.27 This strict definition could potentially contribute to a lower compliance rate in this regard.