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Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Globalization, industrialization and changes in human environment, behavior and lifestyle have led to a rising incidence rate of obesity and diabetes (Xiao and Högger, 2015). Diabetes is a serious chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin action, insulin secretion or both defects (Ramachandran et al., 2016). Its main characteristic symptoms are polyuria, thirst and overeating (ADA, 2005). Different levels of insulin resistance (Pontiroli, 2004) and postprandial hyperglycemia play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and related complications (Lee et al., 2012). Effective control of postprandial blood glucose level is the key to diabetes care, and can improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. At present, some anti-diabetic drugs are either ineffective or have serious side effects (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, it is still an important issue to search for more effective and safer anti-diabetic drugs from natural sources (Vinayagam et al., 2017).
Emblicanin-A and Emblicanin-B: Pharmacological and Nano-Pharmacotherapeutic Perspective for Healthcare Applications
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Dipak Kumar Gupta
Globally, diabetes mellitus is increasing in number day by day and is one of the most common chronic diseases. The lifestyle revealed the current and future burden of diabetes. Multiple metabolic disorders are characterized by hyperglycemia which results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major and growing health problem throughout the world. Peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are the main cause of T2DM. It is happening as a sequel to obesity, a sedentary life, and aging, resulting in hyperglycemia. Presently, medicine regimes for treatment of diabetes mellitus have certain drawbacks; therefore, there is a need for safer and more effective anti-diabetic drugs. Herbal formulations are preferred. The effects of aqueous extract E. officinalis seeds using experimental models were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) at 50 mg kg−1 dose. The assessment of blood glucose level (BGL) for fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance test was done. The result indicates that each dose of E. officinalis aqueous extract reduces the BGL and improves glucose tolerance in both normal and diabetic animals. It was carried out with graded doses of 100–400 mg kg−1 of aqueous extract of E. officinalis seeds given to normal as well as sub-diabetic rats and mild-diabetic rats.12
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Diabetes couldn’t be cured completely but blood glucose level can be controlled by injecting insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus and through oral medication in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. But, some of the oral anti-diabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides and glinides (Krentz and Bailey 2005) have a number of adverse effects. Hence, exploring antidiabetic agent which would be more effective and protective is a challenging job.
TXNIP inhibition in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Aiyun Li, Li Guan, Wanzhen Su, Ning Zhao, Xuwen Song, Jin Wang, Xiaoxiao Tang, Weize Li, Xiangying Jiao
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by common outcome, hyperglycaemia, and is a major global problem spiralling out of control. The latest data, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), showed that the number of diagnosed diabetes in adults reached 537 million in 2021 and which is predicted to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 20451. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes cases and is the leading cause of diabetes complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy2. Although clinically used anti-diabetic drugs such as biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones and insulin have shown remarkable therapeutic effects, severe hypoglycaemia and weight gain are their undesirable side effects that limited their use3. Thus, developing new drugs for T2DM treatment meets great needs and prospects.
The role of resveratrol in diabetes and obesity associated with insulin resistance
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mustafa Hoca, Eda Becer, Hafize Seda Vatansever
Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to metabolic abnormalities and serious complications related to long-term hyperglycaemia in diabetes. Neuropathies, blindness, angiopathies, cardiovascular disorders, renal failure and increased cancer risk are the long-term complications of diabetes. Therefore, the treatment of diabetes is very important to improve the life quality of diabetic patients and to prevent diabetic complications (Lotfy et al.2017). Wide spectrum anti-diabetic drugs are used in the pharmacological treatment of diabetes. However, these therapies are accompanied by many side effects such as gastrointestinal problems, hypoglycaemia and others. Therefore, new therapies with acceptable adverse effects are needed. In recent years, several laboratory studies have focussed on natural compounds such as resveratrol.
Does Serum Vitamin D Level Affect COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity?-A Case-Control Study
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Kun Ye, Fen Tang, Xin Liao, Benjamin A. Shaw, Meiqiu Deng, Guangyi Huang, Zhiqiang Qin, Xiaomei Peng, Hewei Xiao, Chunxia Chen, Xiaochun Liu, Leping Ning, Bangqin Wang, Ningning Tang, Min Li, Fan Xu, Shao Lin, Jianrong Yang
Demographic (sex and age) and clinical variables were extracted from medical records. Clinical variables include clinical symptoms (fever, cough, chest tightness, chest pain, and diarrhea) and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, COPD, asthma, liver injury, and renal failure). COPD and asthma were self-reported. Diabetes was considered as present whenever the use of antidiabetic drug treatment was reported. The patient who had a fasting blood sugar of greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl, or a 2 hour blood sugar of greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl, or an A1c greater than or equal to 6.5%, were diagnosed with diabetes. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg or mean diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or the presence of antihypertensive medication. Liver injury was defined as increase of alanine aminotransferase or conjugated bilirubin by more than 2-fold, or increased aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase as well as total bilirubin by at least 2-fold. Renal function was estimated based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the CKD-EPI equation (20). Renal failure was defined as GRF <90 mL/min * 1.73 m2.