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Reactivities of Amino Acids and Proteins with Iodine
Published in Erwin Regoeczi, Iodine-Labeled Plasma Proteins, 2019
Samples of the labeled proteins were hydrolyzed as described in Section II.A.1. The iodoamino acids were separated in one dimension by ascending paper chromatography on Whatman® No. 1 paper in accordance with the guidelines outlined in Chapter 2, Section III.B. Butanol-acetic acid and propanol-ammonia-water were used as the solvents. (See Chapter 2, Section III.B.2.)
Hair Coloring
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
The product containers and dispensers are very important components since, next to the final dye result, they represent the major interaction of the product with the consumer. The dye container must be impermeable to oxygen penetration to control premature dye oxidation, and be an effective barrier to loss of ammonia, water, and solvent. Glass clearly was the material of choice, but now most manufacturers are using one of the rigid plastics. Metal caps, unless lined, are not recommended. The peroxide container should be opaque to prevent peroxide photodecomposition and comfortably shaped and deformable for squeezing by the user to give easily controlled dispensing. Plastics readily serve these purposes.
Using iodine for analysis
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Iodine exists in various forms in the natural environment in the atmosphere, ocean, and soil, as well as in other environments such as in minerals, food, and chemical products, and plays a vital role in the respective environments. How are iodine and its compounds analyzed? In this section, the analysis methods of iodine are considered. The concentration of iodine in the environment is low. Therefore, a special filter is used to collect iodine, and extraction from the filter is carried out using a warm sodium hydroxide/sodium sulfite solution with radioactive 129I added as an internal standard. By adding silver sulfate, iodine is precipitated as silver iodine (AgI). Iodine deposits are dissolved in ammonia water, and analyzed using isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
Astragalus injection ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive decline via relieving acute neuroinflammation and BBB damage and upregulating the BDNF-CREB pathway in mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Ke Liu, Guoran Wan, Ruhong Jiang, Li Zou, Dong Wan, Huifeng Zhu, Shan Feng
Three mouse brains per group were stained using a Golgi-staining kit following the manufacturer’s protocol (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). The brain tissues were submerged in Gorky's staining solution completely in a cool and ventilated place to avoid light for 14 days (the new staining solution was changed after the first 48 h of immersion and then changed once every 3 days for a total of 14 days). The tissues were then transferred to 15% sucrose–PBS (pH = 7.4) and dehydrated in the dark for 1 day at 4 °C. Later, the tissue was transferred to 30% sucrose–PBS (pH = 7.4) and further dehydrated in the dark for 2 days at 4 °C. Next, the tissues were washed with distilled water for 1 min and then immersed in concentrated ammonia water for 45 min. Then, the tissues were washed again with distilled water for 1 min and immersed in an acid film fixer for 45 min. The Golgi-stained brains were sectioned to 100 μm using a frozen microtome (Thermo, CryoStar NX50). The sections were visualized under an upright microscope (Nikon Eclipse E100 microscope). For spine analysis, the dendrites in 20–30 μm lengths of the three tertiary segments were used to measure dendritic spine density via ImageJ (NIH Image J system, Bethesda, MD).
Fibronectin modified alginate coating enhances cell targeting and homing to bone marrow in BALB/c mice
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Yogesh Kumar Verma, Gangenahalli Ugraiah Gurudutta
Incubated section in 100% (v/v) xylene for 3 min (3 times). Then, it was kept in 1:1 ratio of xylene and 100% (v/v) ethanol for 3 min. Later, section was dipped in 95% (v/v) ethanol for 3 min (twice) followed by two washes with 70% (v/v) and 30% (v/v) ethanol. This was followed by washing with distlilled water for 2–3 times. Subsequently slides were incubated in haematoxylin (Gills 1X) for 30 min. Slides were rinsed under tap water untill the stain started draining out. Further, the slides were dunked 2–3 times in acid alcohol {1% (v/v) HCl in 70% (v/v) ethanol} until section turned pink (excess stain was removed). Rinsed with tap water for 2–3 min, then slowly dipped in 2% (v/v) ammonia water for 2–3 times. Subsequently slides were rinsed with tap water 2–3 times and incubated in 1% (w/v) Eosin for 30–60 s. Following this, slides were rinsed with tap water containing 30% (v/v) etahnol. Then serial incubation in 95% (v/v) and 100% (v/v) alcohol for 2 min (3 times each) was given. Further the slides were kept in 1:1 solution of xylene and 100% (v/v) methanol for 2 min. Slides were later dipped in 100% (v/v) xylene for 2 min (3 times) and mounted with coverslip using permount/xylene based mounting medium. Stained sections were observed under microscope in white light (Sankhwar et al.2012).
Pharmacokinetic study of methylnaltrexone after single and multiple subcutaneous administrations in healthy Chinese subjects
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Dan Zhang, Jing-Yi Ma, Man Yang, Ming Deng, Huichen Liu
An aliquot (50 μL) of plasma was mixed with IS (10 μL), acetonitrile–water (1:1, v/v; 10 μL) and water (930 μL). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was performed using columns with a primary weak cation-exchange mechanism. The SPE columns (CNWBOND WCX SPE Cartridage, 50 mg) were preconditioned with 1 mL of methanol followed by 2 mL of water. Each sample was loaded onto SPE column at 0.4 mL/min and washed with 1 mL of methanol and 1 mL of water. Analytes were eluted with 1 mL of ammonia water–methanol (9:1, v/v). Eluates were evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen at 40 °C, and residues were reconstituted in 170 μL of acetonitrile–water (1:1, v/v). 6 μL of aliquots were subjected to analysis by LC–MS/MS. Samples with concentrations beyond the upper limit of the standard curves were reanalyzed by sample dilution with blank plasma.