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Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Emodin, an anthraquinone extracted from aloe vera is used to treat liver injuries, necrosis, inflammation, and kidney diseases and to treat carcinoma. Studies report that aloe-emodin exhibits antiviral properties against enveloped viruses like influenza A virus and herpes simplex virus. It is also shown to obstruct attachment, entry, and replication of the influenza virus (Gansukh et al. 2018). The anticancer properties of aloe-emodin have been found to inhibit cancer cells like hepatoma cells, glioma, and carcinoma cells. It also possesses strong anti-proliferative and antineoplastic reaction on cancer cells due to its apoptotic nature (Chou and Liang 2009).
Saussurea costus (Kust) and Senna alexandrina (Senna)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Amita Dubey, Soni Gupta, Mushfa Khatoon, Anil Kumar Gupta
Senna is considered one of the most widely used anthraquinone laxatives, as it is relatively cheaper and more effective (Ulbricht et al., 2011). The phytoconstituents of S. alexandrina, aloe emodin, sennoside, and dianthrone glycoside (anthraquinone derivatives and glycosides), are the reason for its laxative effect (Monkheang et al., 2011).
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
Natural extracts of Aloe barbadensis (@0.5%, 1%, and 2%) administrated in diet for a period of fifteen days resulted in noteworthy elevation of macrophages contents that are accountable for phagocytic action in tissues [10]. Aloe vera-based Nerium oleander extracts increased antioxidative protection, protected cell viability, and intracellular reduced glutathione and significantly decreased the formation of ROS [80]. Similarly in propagation of RAW 264.7 cells, Aloe-emodin markedly inhibited IL-6, NO, and IL-1β formation, without any cytotoxicity. Expression levels of mRNA for IL-6, iNOS, and IL-1β genes were retarded by administration of Aloe-emodin. Analysis of Western blotting revealed suppressing behavior of aloe-emodin against LPS-activated expression of iNOS protein, degradation of IκBα and JNK, p38, ERK, and Akt phosphorylation [29].
Anthraquinones from Aloe spp. inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto: effects against growing and mature biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Géssica dos Santos Araújo, Xhaulla Maria Quariguasi Cunha Fonseca, Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes, Maria Gleiciane da Rocha, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
Anthraquinones form the largest class of secondary metabolites extracted from Aloe spp. and include aloe emodin, barbaloin and chrysophanol (Salehi et al. 2018; Sánchez et al. 2020). Aloe emodin is a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial activity (Dong et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2020; Jiang et al. 2019; Jiang et al. 2020; Ma et al. 2020). Barbaloin, structurally similar to aloe emodin, also has antimicrobial activity, in addition to neuroprotective and nephroprotective effects (Lee et al. 2019; Donkor et al. 2020; Jing et al. 2020). Furthermore, chrysophanol (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone) has antibacterial, anti-tumor and antidiabetic activities (Lee and Sohn 2008; Xie et al. 2019; Su et al. 2020).
Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of five rhubarb anthraquinones in rats after oral administration of effective fraction of anthraquinones from rheum officinale
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Di Zhao, Su-Xiang Feng, Hao-Jie Zhang, Na Zhang, Xue-Fang Liu, Yan Wan, Yu-Xiao Zhou, Jian-Sheng Li
Tissue distribution of five anthraquinones in the internal organs of rats at 0.167, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 12.0 and 24.0 h after oral administration of rhubarb extract: (a) aloe-emodin; (b) rhein; (c) emodin; (d) chrysophanol; (e) physcion.
Natural substances to potentiate canonical glioblastoma chemotherapy
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Antonietta Arcella, Massimo Sanchez
The difficulty in treating this aggressive neoplasia lies both in its inherent complexity and numerous mechanisms of drug resistance,22 which are: drug efflux, tumour hypoxic area, glioma stem cells, DNA repair mechanisms, and miRNAs. Aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-[hydroxymethyl]-anthraquinone) AE, Table 1), is a naturally occurring anthraquinone commonly found in traditional Chinese medicinal plants (such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorumThunb).67–70 The wide spectrum of biological activities of AE has been recently reviewed by Dong X and colleagues,71 who discussed the anticancer activity of this molecule on different types of cancers, including brain tumours.54,55 The promising results of AE as anti-proliferative natural compound in vitro and in vivo study deserve to be discussed.56 The arrest of the U87MG glioblastma cell cycle treated with AE was associated with the increase of p53, p21, and the reduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). This aspect determined the reduction of cell proliferation and the cell cycle blockage in S and G2/M phases. The investigation on phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in U87MG glioblastoma cells in short-term treatment (2 and 4 h) with AE (20 and 40 μM) showed a decrease of phosphorylation, compatible with blocking proliferative signals.72 The molecular intracellular modifications were supported by phenotype changes of the typical fusiform morphology of U87MG control cells while round shape and a reduced volume were observed in U87MG cells treated with AE 40 μM for 72 h, two typical features of apoptotic cells. Finally, AE-induced pro-apoptotic effect was confirmed by a reduction of expression of the normal form of PARP1 (116 kD) in cells treated with AE compared with the control after treatment and activation of Lamin A. Promising results for GMB treatment have been obtained from in vivo experiments. The analysis of the subcutaneous tumor allowed us to understand the effects of AE in vivo. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin confirms the morphological characteristics of GBM cells. The immunohistochemical analysis of the tumour sections showed the effects of the modifications induced by AE: the decrease of proliferative index ki67 positive cells and the increase of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and caspase 6.