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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery System
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Manish P. Patel, Praful D. Bharadia, Kunjan B. Bodiwala, Mustakim M. Mansuri, Jayvadan Patel
Thermomonospora sp., Rhodococcus sp., Streptomyces sp., Thermoactinomyces sp., and Rhodococcus sp. are some examples of actinomycetes which produced nanaoparticles. Actinomycetes are mostly used in biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, though gold, zinc, copper, and manganese are also biosynthesized. Nitrate reductase is present in Streptomyces sp. Reduce agno3 into insoluble silver metal (Table 4.3).
Anti-HSV and Cytotoxicity Properties of Three Different Nanoparticles Derived from Indian Medicinal Plants
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
K. Vasanthi, G. Reena, G. Sathyanarayanan, Elanchezhiyan Manickan
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles was done as described previously by Tiwari (2011). Briefly, lyophilized powder of Plant extracts were reconstituted with 1 ml of sterile distilled water and mixed with 0.002 M of chlororauric acid (SRL Cat. No) (HAuCl4) in dark conditions with a preincubation at 90°C. After incubation the color of the solution were turned its color to ruby pink (Figure 13.2) indicates the gold nanoparticle formation. According to Klaus (2001) synthesis of silver Nanoparticles was done. Briefly, lyophilized powder of plant extracts were reconstituted with 1 ml of sterile distilled water and mixed with 20 ml of 10−3 M AgNO3 (SRL Cat. No: Cat. No for (HAuCl4)-12023, Cat. No for (AgNO3) – 94118) (99.99%) aqueous solution and kept at room temperature. After 1 hour the color of the solution were changed from colorless to honey brown (Figure 13.2) indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles and this is confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and other methods. Synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (Silver-Gold) were done according to the Pal et al. Briefly, lyophilized powder of plant extracts were reconstituted with 1 ml of sterile distilled water and mixed with equal amount of 10−3 M AgNO3 and 0.002 M of chlororauric acid and incubated at room temperature. After incubation the color of the solution were turned its color in the combination of ruby pink and honey comb color (Figure 13.2).
The Diagnosis of the Depth of Burning
Published in Stephen M Cohn, Ara J. Feinstein, 50 Landmark Papers every Trauma Surgeon Should Know, 2019
Surgical principles dictate early excision of devitalized tissue and prompt wound closure for all traumatic wounds. In this article, published in 1953, Dr. Jackson, MD, FRCS, underscores this argument for the rapid identification and closure of full-thickness burn wounds. For 20-30 years prior to this publication, small, well-defined burns of 2%-3% total body surface area (TBSA) were completely excised and grafted with good results.38 Although successful, the experience in the mid-1950s with early excision and grafting of burns of 10%-30% TBSA and larger showed the overall mortality and wound healing were not different from delayed treatment, which consisted of allowing the burn eschar to separate from underlying granulation tissue followed by delayed grafting.39,40 Early excision and grafting, however, was largely the accepted method for very deep burns of <20% TBSA since it may take 6 weeks or more for the eschar to slough and separate.41Graft failure, in these cases, was partly attributed to infection of the surrounding unexcised burn. Additionally, it wasn't until the next decade that the development of topical agents such as 0.5% AgNO3, 1% Silversulfadiazine, and 10% Sulfamylon ointments were shown to provide significant suppression of burn wound sepsis.42
An overview application of silver nanoparticles in inhibition of herpes simplex virus
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Leila Kafshdooz, Zohre Razban, Ali Dastranj Tbrizi, Shadi Rasoulpour, Rovshan Khalilov, Taras Kavetskyy, Siamak Saghfi, Aygun N. Nasibova, Sharif Kaamyabi, Taiebeh Kafshdooz
In 1884, German obstetrician Crede introduced 1% silver nitrate (AgNO3) as an eye solution for avoidance of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, that is too similar to the first scientific-documented medical use of silver [22]. AgNPs take many important biological activities [23]. Nano-silver have been used in the treatment of wounds, burns, in water-disinfecting systems, dental materials, and as antibacterials, antivirals, and anticancerous agents [24–26]. Although, a comparative study of AgNPs, AgNO3, and silver chloride (AgCl) found that AgNPs have higher antibacterial properties than free silver ions [26] (Figure 2).
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from leaf extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its anticancer potential in human prostate cancer LNCaP cell lines
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Ke Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Samson Oliver Abraham Samuel Ravi, Arunkumar Ramachandran, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim, Anmar M. Nassir, Jiapei Yao
Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves were used to make the aqueous extract. Fresh S. miltiorrhiza leaves weighed 25 g and washed with double distilled water. After that, it is allowed for drying and crushed into 100 m + l sterile distilled water and it was filtered by Whatman No.1 filter paper (25 μm). Silver nitrate (1 mM AgNO3) was prepared and used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. 10 ml of S. miltiorrhiza extract was added into 90 ml of aqueous solution of 1 mM silver nitrate for reduction into Ag + ions and kept at room temperature for 5 h.
Metallic nanoparticles as drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Munira Momin, Tabassum Khan, Sankalp Gharat, Raghumani Singh Ningthoujam, Abdelwahab Omri
In vivo exposure to AgNPs is generally carried out by the administration of AgNP suspension. AgNPs in suspension form has been described to release Ag+ ions, which strongly account to the biological activity of AgNPs. Dissolution behavior of AgNPs depends upon several factors such as size, coating, concentration, temperature, ionic strength or time [22,222–226]. Nevertheless, the characterization of the soluble Ag fraction in AgNP suspensions is still ignored in many in vivo and in vitro exposure studies. Zande M et al. investigated a subsequent elimination study of silver on the rats. Comparative study of silver elimination was carried out with AgNO3 and AgNPs. This investigation included 28-day oral exposure study in rats, exposed to <20 nm noncoated, or <15 nm polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)–coated AgNPs ([Ag] = 90 mg/kg body weight (BW)), or AgNO3 ([Ag] = 9 mg/kg BW), or carrier solution only. Following the dissection, at the end of day 29, it was observed that the maximum concentration of Ag was seen in the liver and spleen for all Ag-treated groups. Two months after the dosing, Ag was eliminated from most of the organs, but notably, it was not cleared from the brain and testis. The results of mass spectrometry detected the presence of AgNPs in the AgNP treated rats; nevertheless, it was also detected in AgNO3-treated rats. It was also found that the biochemical markers and the level of antibody in the blood, cytokine release, lymphocyte proliferation and the activity of a natural killer cell (NKC) did not indicate immunotoxicity or hepatotoxicity of the silver exposure. In conclusion, it was examined that the oral exposure of AgNPs in vivo emerged to be indistinguishable compared to the treatment with silver salts. Nonetheless, the significance of in vivo formation of AgNPs, and the long-term accumulation of Ag in the brain and testis must be examined in a risk estimation of these AgNPs [227].