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Natural Products in the Treatment of Unremitting Wounds Secondary to Diabetes or Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
There is a wide variety of antimicrobial dressings commercially available. Antimicrobial topical wound dressings may contain silver, iodine or a variety of synthetic compounds. Antimicrobial dressings are used when wounds are thought to be critically colonized or infected, inhibiting normal wound healing progression. However, additional randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the true effectiveness of antimicrobial dressings in patients with DFUs (Dumville et al., 2017).
Film Dosimetry
Published in Arash Darafsheh, Radiation Therapy Dosimetry: A Practical Handbook, 2021
Sina Mossahebi, Nazanin Hoshyar, Rao Khan, Arash Darafsheh
It is obvious from the Gurney–Mott mechanism, that the formation of opaque metallic silver can be traced back to the impingement of radiation. For dosimetry, the amount and location of elemental silver can be correlated to the absorbed dose by applying an appropriate calibration. The opacity of the film is determined using optical density (OD), which is defined as:
Managing Pain in the Presence of Autoimmune Disease
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
For a very long time, people have used colloidal silver to treat infections. Silver is a great antimicrobial. Colloidal silver, however, is not very powerful and has to be used in high doses. It can never be used for long durations as it can produce toxic levels that can actually turn people blue. This is not good. Silver preparations formulated like the pH structured silver solution, a nanosilver, are able to work well at low doses. Thus, people could use much more every day then we would ever need to use and use it for many decades and never come close to a toxic level. Typically, because mycoplasma likes to create pain issues and brain problems, the recommendation is to continue the nanosilver until the pain and brain issues are gone. If, after stopping the silver solution, the person starts to backslide, including feeling the pain returning, then restart the silver solution immediately. Use it for 2 more months and then try to come off it again. This can be repeated as often as necessary until the person feels fine without it. Then we know all the chronic infections are gone. Typically, any other infection will be gone by the time the mycoplasma has been cleared. Dosing often times starts at 4 ounces once a day (done as a swish and swallow for 1–2 minutes) for 4 days, then 2 ounces a day.
Interaction between microorganisms and dental material surfaces: general concepts and research progress
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Yan Tu, Huaying Ren, Yiwen He, Jiaqi Ying, Yadong Chen
Amalgam is a special type of alloy formed by mercury and one or more metals. The amalgam used for dental restorations has a long history. In 1896, G. V. Black of the United States carried out much research on improving the composition, properties, blending, and filling methods of silver amalgam, gradually making silver amalgam an ideal filling material. Orstavik et al. tested nine commercial dental amalgams for antibacterial properties in vitro and found that all displayed certain antibacterial properties [30]. The reason was that amalgam could release metal ions such as Ag, Cu, Sn, and Hg; therefore, it had certain antibacterial properties. Farrugia et al. found that amalgams had higher antimicrobial activity than adhesive materials [31]. However, now because of the toxic effect of mercury on the human body and its pollution potential, the rate of amalgam use in dentistry has decreased significantly. Combining the rigidity and antibacterial properties of metals to reduce toxicity has become the focus of scientific research. Silver-based biomaterials (AgBMs) have good antimicrobial properties, including penetrating microbial cell membranes, damaging genetic material, and causing bacterial protein and enzyme dysfunction. Research has shown that AgBMs are antibacterial materials with high efficiency and low toxicity [26].
Distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of implanted silver: a review
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Niels Hadrup, Anoop K. Sharma, Nicklas R. Jacobsen, Katrin Loeschner
Argyria—the blue-gray discoloration of skin after substantial exposure levels of silver—is a consequence of deposition of silver granules. Localized argyria with granules containing silver, selenium and sulfur was seen in a 41-year-old woman, who 20 years previously had about 300 gold-coloured silver acupuncture needles permanently implanted (estimated dose: 1.4 g Ag = ∼20 mg Ag/kg bw). She also had deposits of pure gold intracellularly, and this so-called chrysiasis could have contributed to the abnormal pigmentation of her skin (Suzuki et al.1993). Localized argyria was reported after implantation of prostheses with 20 µm silver coating (estimated dose: 2 g/patient = ∼28 mg/kg bw). Argyria was proposed in seven of 32 patients who had prostheses implanted into their bones. These seven patients had a median time since the implantation of 26 months. Notably, no attempt was made to prove silver in the observed granules. The blood and tissue levels in patients with suspected argyria were not different from those with no argyria, 14 vs. 21 µg Ag/kg blood and 550 vs. 490 µg/kg tissue, respectively (Glehr et al.2013). The observed levels of silver in blood were lower after implantation than those observed after oral or dermal/mucosal exposures in humans (Hadrup and Lam 2014, Hadrup et al.2018), perhaps explaining why no cases of generalized argyria (covering other areas than those of exposure) have been reported after implantation.
Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery using clay-based composites
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Farzaneh Sabbagh, Beom Soo Kim
Silver is known as an excellent antibacterial agent. Silver-enriched clays are known to be excellent dressings for wound healing and minimizing the chance of infection [6]. In a study conducted by Tenci et al. [85], a polymer film containing a carvacrol/clay mixture was developed for use in the treatment of infected skin wounds. Various clays were considered, such as palygorskite, montmorillonite, and halloysite. The results showed that while pure clay had no antibacterial activity, carvacrol did have antibacterial properties. Carvacrol loading on palygoskite reduced the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of pure carvacrol. This effect may be due to the lower evaporation temperature of carvacrol when it is loaded with clay, and to the prolonged release of carvacrol from hybrids [85]. The metal specification of the clay structure determines the bioavailability of the metal to bacteria [86]. The movement of particles from the clay surface to the cell membrane through water involves the formation of radicals and many chemical reactions that are influenced by bacterial surface complexes and clay mineralization. The oxidation state and pH of the water added to create a plaster is changed mainly by the buffer volume of the clay and the relevant surface area (more than 100 m2/g) [87].