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Bone Marrow Harvesting and Reinfusion
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
In the early years of bone marrow harvesting and transplantation, it was deemed necessary to filter aspirated bone marrow and blood, in order to remove fibrin clots and other debris prior to infusion into the recipient, and many centers still adopt this policy. Marrow is commonly sieved through a thin stainless steel mesh, 380-μm pore initially, and subsequently through one of 80 μm size, prior to collection in a sterile vessel containing anticoagulant.2 It is subsequently aspirated into a sterile pack for processing. There is no firm evidence, however, that filtering marrow during aspiration is necessary. Syringes of anticoagulated marrow should be introduced directly into a dry, sterile blood pack into which 5000 units of preservative-free heparin have been introduced. This can be accomplished either by use of a three-way tap attached to the syringe and blood pack by sterile tubing or by injecting the marrow directly into the blood pack by connecting the syringe to a sterile plastic injection port. Contact with the atmosphere is thus kept to a minimum, reducing likelihood of infection. When the bag contains 400 to 500 ml of marrow, it can be sealed, ready either for infusion into the recipient, for purging, or for cryopreservation. If marrow is to be refrigerated for a few hours prior to infusion into the recipient, some centers add 60 ml of citrated phosphate dextrose (CPD), or acid citrate dextrose (ACD), designed to supply nutrients to the stem cells during the time they are out of the body.
Therapeutic apheresis
Published in Jennifer Duguid, Lawrence Tim Goodnough, Michael J. Desmond, Transfusion Medicine in Practice, 2020
The use of citrate anticoagulation can lead to mild hypocalcemia characterized by tingling, oral paresthesias, or chest discomfort. Citrate reactions are usually mild and easily managed by slowing the infusion rate, increasing the acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) ratio, or administering oral calcium. More severe reactions may be treated or prevented with intravenous calcium. Calcium chloride may be added to the replacement fluid (200 mg/l of 5% albumin or 3–6% HES) or given as a slow intravenous infusion (200 mg, diluted to at least 20 mg/ml and infused over 2 minutes) when replacing with FFP. Particular care must be taken with patients with liver failure and impaired ability to metabolize citrate.
A Survey of Newer Gene Probing Techniques
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
In the isolation of nucleic acids from blood samples, the acid citrate dextrose (ACD) anticoagulant appears to be superior to ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and heparin in not affecting the yield of DNA, even from frozen blood kept in ACD for 5 days at 23°Callowing unaffected restriction patterns to be obtained with three enzymes (EcoRI, HindIII, and XbaI)
Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on platelet activation and reactivity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Platelets, 2022
Youn Joung Cho, Karam Nam, Sol Ji Yoo, Seohee Lee, Jinyoung Bae, Ji-Young Park, Hang-Rae Kim, Tae Kyong Kim, Yunseok Jeon
Platelet activation and reactivity was evaluated by measuring the expression of CD62P (platelet surface P-selectin), PAC-1 (activated GP IIb/IIIa), and monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs) by using a BD™ LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Whole blood samples for flow cytometry were obtained via a pre-inserted radial artery catheter at the following time points: baseline; immediately after RIPC or sham-RIPC; at the onset of CPB; 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after the initiation of CPB; and on postoperative day 1. During the collection of blood samples, special care was taken to avoid platelet activation. Blood (8.5 mL) was drawn smoothly into collection tubes containing 1.5 mL of anticoagulant acid citrate dextrose solution (ACD solution A Blood Collection Tubes, BD Vacutainer®, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The first 5 mL of blood was discarded to minimize the production of platelet aggregates.
Classification and coding of platelet-rich plasma derived from New Zealand white rabbits for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Khan Sharun, Abhijit M. Pawde, K. M. Manjusha, Amitha Banu S, E. Kalaiselvan, Rohit Kumar, Prakash Kinjavdekar, Med Ram Verma
Acid citrate dextrose solution A (ACD-A) is the most commonly used anticoagulant for PRP production. The main advantage of ACD-A as an anticoagulant is its ability to maintain the intra-platelet signal transduction mechanisms even during the PRP production process. This will ensure that the responsiveness of platelets is maintained post-processing [51]. EDTA is another alternative anticoagulant option for the preparation of PRP. However, EDTA has the potential to induce irreversible structural, biochemical, and functional damage to the platelets [52]. In addition to the type of anticoagulant, aggressive PRP processing techniques and very high PRP concentration could negatively affect the healing process [30]. Therefore, this study used ACD-A as the anticoagulant (0.8 ml ACD-A for 5 ml blood).
Investigation on photo-induced mechanistic activity of GO/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposite against wound pathogens
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Jayabal Prakash, Kannan Sampath Kumar Venkataprasanna, Darmalingam Prema, Sheik Mohideen Sahabudeen, Samal Debashree Banita, Gopinath Devanand Venkatasubbu
Five milliliter of 0.9 % saline was used to dilute 4 ml of ACD (acid citrate dextrose) human blood and kept as a test solution. The MIC concentration of the nanoparticles and the nanocomposites were added in the 4 ml of saline solution and incubated for 30 min at 37 °C. 0.2 ml of the test solution was added to the sample containing a solution and incubated for 60, 120, 180 min at 37 °C. Positive and negative control was prepared separately, 0.2 ml of test solution was added to 4 ml of triton X and kept as a positive control (100% hemolysis) and 0.2 ml of test solution in 4 ml saline solution and kept as a negative control (0% hemolysis). After incubation of the sample for a different time interval, the solutions were centrifuged and the absorbance was taken for the supernatant at 545 nm (Prakash et al. 2019). The percentage of hemolysis was calculated using the following equation. T = absorbance of a solution containing nanoparticles and nanocompositesODP = absorbance of the 100% hemolysis (positive control)ODN = absorbance of the 0% hemolysis (negative control)