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Cystic fibrosis infection and biofilm busters
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Heidi M. Mansour, Inhalation Aerosols, 2019
Jennifer Fiegel, Sachin Gharse
The presence of several organisms has been associated with deterioration of lung function. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of gram-negative bacterial strains that are often highly resistant to antibiotics. Infections with Bcc have been associated with high fever, severe necrotizing pneumonia (also known as Cepacia syndrome), rapid decline in lung function, and death (8,17–19). Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with a number of infections in individuals with weak immune system or with underlying diseases. The role of this organism with pathogenicity in CF is unclear, with only one study linking chronic infection of CF lungs by A. xylosoxidans to reduced lung function (13,20).
Mezlocillin, Azlocillin, Apalcillin, and Piperacillin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Adrian Tramontana, Karin Thursky
Aeromonas spp. are usually piperacillin sensitive, except Aeromonas jandaei, which is usually resistant (Koehler and Ashdown, 1993; Overman and Janda, 1999). High rates of resistance among other non-veronii Aeromonas spp. have been seen in biliary isolates from patients with cholangitis (Chan et al., 2000). Most isolates of Achromobacter xylosoxidans are susceptible (Mandell et al., 1987). Chryseobacterium indologenes is usually susceptible to piperacillin, whereas around 60% of C. meningosepticum isolates are susceptible (Kirby et al., 2004).
Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on Achromobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas isolates
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa, Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty, Cynthia A. Alvizo-Baez, Luis D. Terrazas-Armendariz, Itza E. Luna-Cruz, Juan M. Alcocer-González, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Samantha Flores-Treviño
Non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are increasing the cases of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) [1]. Infrequent species such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex (which includes Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, or with cystic fibrosis [2–5]. All three microorganisms can cause nosocomial respiratory and bloodstream infections [2,5], often with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatment of infections caused by these pathogens involves the administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) as the primary drug of choice [6,7]. However, these microorganisms are frequently drug-resistant [3,6,7].
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ceragenins against Achromobacter species isolated from cystic fibrosis patients
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Damla Damar-Çelik, Emel Mataracı-Kara, Paul B. Savage, Berna Özbek-Çelik
Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix that is self-produced, and they are commonly attached to living or nonliving surfaces and may be widespread in nature, hospital settings, and industry.1–3 Biofilm formation performs an essential role in the development of infectious diseases because of the morbidity and mortality in patients and increased resistance to antimicrobial agents.4–8 Notably, chronic lung infection and chronic inflammation-related biofilm promote mortality and morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).9Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus are known as typical CF pathogens. However, recently some pathogens infecting the lower airways have been identified using enhanced microbiologic techniques. One of them is Achromobacter spp.10 The genus Achromobacter belongs to the class of non-fermentative bacilli, which are opportunistic pathogens in the CF patient. The prevalence of Achromobacter spp. infection/colonization varies between 5% and 29% in patients with CF and is rapidly increasing.11–13 Although there is a limited number of studies examining the clinical impact of Achromobacter spp. infection in patients with CF, Achromobacter xylosoxidans is well-known in CF populations. Furthermore, this bacterium can cause various infections like bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis in non-CF or immunocompromised patients.
Current understanding and therapeutic management of contact lens associated sterile corneal infiltrates and microbial keratitis
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Lily Ho, Isabelle Jalbert, Kathleen Watt, Alex Hui
Practitioners should be aware that atypical bacteria such as Achromobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Delftia have been identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis to be the predominant bacteria present in contact lens wearers with corneal infiltrates, including microbial keratitis, who have been referred for additional therapy due to poor response to the initial empirical therapy.87 Similarly, these bacteria are found in contact lens cases of patients with CIEs.88–96 Although rare, these bacteria have been reported as causes of MK in contact lens wearers.89,90,95–98Achromobacter xylosoxidans is known to be resistant to multiple antibiotics including aminoglycosides, most cephalosporins and have varying sensitivity to fluoroquinolones.89,90 Strains from both Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Delftia acidovorans can be multidrug resistant.91–93