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Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Neither EUCAST nor CLSI provide Achromobacter spp.-specific breakpoints. CLSI does provide clinical breakpoints for non-Enterobacterales which in clinical practice has been cautiously applied to Achromobacter species.
Cystic fibrosis infection and biofilm busters
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Heidi M. Mansour, Inhalation Aerosols, 2019
Jennifer Fiegel, Sachin Gharse
The presence of several organisms has been associated with deterioration of lung function. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of gram-negative bacterial strains that are often highly resistant to antibiotics. Infections with Bcc have been associated with high fever, severe necrotizing pneumonia (also known as Cepacia syndrome), rapid decline in lung function, and death (8,17–19). Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic human pathogen associated with a number of infections in individuals with weak immune system or with underlying diseases. The role of this organism with pathogenicity in CF is unclear, with only one study linking chronic infection of CF lungs by A. xylosoxidans to reduced lung function (13,20).
Gatifloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
James Owen Robinson, Keryn Christiansen
Ten isolates each of Chryseobacterium indologenes and C. menigosepticum were susceptible to gatifloxacin (MIC90 values of 0.25 μg/ml and 2.0 μg/ml, respectively) (Rolston et al., 2005), with similar results (92% susceptible) reported for an additional 83 Chryseobacterium spp. (Sader and Jones, 2005). Results differed for Achromobacter spp. in these two studies, with only 40% susceptible in the former and 100% in the latter.
Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ceragenins against Achromobacter species isolated from cystic fibrosis patients
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Damla Damar-Çelik, Emel Mataracı-Kara, Paul B. Savage, Berna Özbek-Çelik
Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix that is self-produced, and they are commonly attached to living or nonliving surfaces and may be widespread in nature, hospital settings, and industry.1–3 Biofilm formation performs an essential role in the development of infectious diseases because of the morbidity and mortality in patients and increased resistance to antimicrobial agents.4–8 Notably, chronic lung infection and chronic inflammation-related biofilm promote mortality and morbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).9Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus are known as typical CF pathogens. However, recently some pathogens infecting the lower airways have been identified using enhanced microbiologic techniques. One of them is Achromobacter spp.10 The genus Achromobacter belongs to the class of non-fermentative bacilli, which are opportunistic pathogens in the CF patient. The prevalence of Achromobacter spp. infection/colonization varies between 5% and 29% in patients with CF and is rapidly increasing.11–13 Although there is a limited number of studies examining the clinical impact of Achromobacter spp. infection in patients with CF, Achromobacter xylosoxidans is well-known in CF populations. Furthermore, this bacterium can cause various infections like bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis in non-CF or immunocompromised patients.
Gram negative infections in cystic fibrosis: a review of preventative and treatment options
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Charlotte Addy, Steven Caskey, Damian Downey
The impact of Achromobacter spp. on the clinical trajectory is variable. Two studies demonstrated no evidence of increased risk of PEx, or significant effect on lung function [65,66]. One study detected an increased risk of death or need for transplantation [65]. Over a longer study duration (13 years), compared to CF controls, those chronically infected with Achromobacter spp. showed a more rapid rate of lung function decline, and significantly higher frequency of PEx [51]. This difference may be driven by differing Achromobacter spp. or different clones within a species [67]. In light of potential deterioration after first isolation, one study assessed the benefits of inhaled antibiotics (Ceftazidime, Colistimethate sodium, or Tobramycin) in eradicating Achromobacter spp. showing effective eradication at 3 years in 55% participants [67].
Microbial Contamination of Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Trial Lenses and Lens Cases in China
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Xiaojun Hu, Guangsen Shi, Hong Liu, Xiaofei Jiang, Jiaojiao Deng, Chengcheng Zhu, Ying Yuan, Bilian Ke
In 20 (18.7%) lenses, 24 (22.4%) case interiors and 26 (24.3%) case screw tops, polymicrobial contamination was found, indicating that more than one species of microorganisms was recovered in these samples. The top cocontaminating microorganisms were Serratia spp., Achromobacter spp., Burkholderia spp., and Pandoraea spp.