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Chemical Compounds as Trigger Factors of Immediate Contact Skin Reactions
Published in Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, Howard I. Maibach, Contact Urticaria Syndrome, 2014
Another important constituent of epoxy resins that has been incriminated as producing immediate reactions is bisphenol A, for which specific IgE were demonstrated as the cause.[66] Similar studies have been reported for another known respiratory allergen, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate,[67,68] and for acrylates such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic acid, cyanoacrylates, and methyl methacrylate.[69]
Hand Dermatitis
Published in Donald Rudikoff, Steven R. Cohen, Noah Scheinfeld, Atopic Dermatitis and Eczematous Disorders, 2014
Nina C. Botto, Erin M. Warshaw
Contact urticaria is a type I, IgE-mediated urticarial reaction, usually caused by exposure to protein antigens and much less commonly to low-molecular-weight compounds such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acid anhydrides (Nicholson et al. 2010). Unfortunately, the literature regarding its prevalence is limited. An Australian study found that occupational contact urticaria (mostly on the hands but also on the face and arms) constituted 8.3% (143 of 1720) of the total number of patients with occupational skin disease (Williams et al. 2008). It was most commonly caused by natural rubber latex, foodstuffs, and ammonium persulfate in hairdressing bleach in healthcare workers, food handlers, and hairdressers respectively. A British study of work-related skin diseases from 1996 to 2001 found an incidence of contact urticaria (not limited to the hands) of about 4.2%; in comparison, contact dermatitis (allergic and irritant contact dermatitis) made up 78.6% of the cases (McDonald et al. 2006). In a 1999 Bureau of Labor Statistics report, 1% of the cases of occupational skin disease leading to time missed from work resulted from contact urticaria. The most frequent causes of occupational contact urticaria include cow dander, food and animal products, flour and grains, and natural rubber latex; the occupations most at risk include bakers, farmers, food preparers, and health workers (Nicholson et al. 2010).
Investigating the influences of intermolecular interactions on viscoelastic performance of pressure-sensitive adhesive by FT–IR spectroscopy and molecular modeling
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Propranolol was purchased from Wuhan DKY Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Oxybutynin and ESC oxalate were purchased from GZ Eastbang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China) and the latter one was prepared into ESC free base [18]. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) as soft monomer, methyl acrylate (MA) as hard monomer, hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) as functional monomer with hydroxyl group and 2,2-Azobis (AIBN) as reaction initiator were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Inc. (Shanghai, China) for the synthesis of acrylic hydroxyl PSA. All the other reagents used were chromatographic grade and obtained commercially.