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Essential Oils and Volatiles in Bryophytes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Yoshinori Asakawa
When liverworts are crushed, an intense mushroom-like, sweet woody, or seaweed scent is emitted. The presence of 1-octen-3-ol (1) and its acetate is responsible for the mushroom-like scent of a number of liverworts. Generally, 1-octen-3-yl acetate is more abundant than the free alcohol. A Tahitian liverwort, Cyathodium foetidisimum emits an incredibly unpleasant odor, for which the presence of skatole (2) is responsible (Ludwiczuk et al., 2009; Sakurai et al., 2018). The stink bug smell of the New Zealand Chiloscyphus pallidus is attributable to (Z)-, and (E)-pent-2-enal (3), (Z)-dec-2-enal (4), and (E)-dec-2-enal (Toyota and Asakawa, 1994). Cheilolejeunea imbricata produces strong milky smelling (R)-dodec-2-en-1,5-olide (5) and (R)-tetradec-2-en-1,5-olide. A very tiny liverwort, Leptolejeunea elliptica emits sweet mold-like odor, which is mainly due to the presence of 1-ethyl-4-methoxybenzene (6) (Toyota et al., 1997).
Brazilian Bryophytes and Pteridophytes as Rich Sources of Medicinal Compounds
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Adaíses Simone Maciel-Silva, Lucas Vieira Lima
When crushed, liverworts emit a very strong odor. Lipophilic terpenoids (such as monoterpenoids) and aromatic compounds held in oil bodies are responsible for the intense sweet-woody, turpentine, sweet-mossy, fungal-like, carrot-like, mushroom-like, or seaweed-like odors of liverworts. Almost all liverworts that smell of mushrooms contain 1-octen-3-ol and the corresponding acetate (Asakawa et al., 2013a). Allergenic contact dermatitis caused by some Frullania species is associated with sesquiterpenes with α-methylene-γ-lactone functionality (Asakawa et al., 2013a).
Therapeutic Medicinal Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum): A Review of Bioactive Compounds and their Applications
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
Chen et al. (2010) using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS) enabled detection of fifty-eight volatile compounds in G. lucidum mycelium. The main volatile flavor compounds included 1-octen-3-ol, ethanol, hexanal, 1-hexanol, sesquirosefuran, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone.23 Similar chromatographic technology (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to detect volatile aroma compounds in G. lucidum from Turkey. They detected acids, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, L-Alanine, D-Alanine, 3-Methyl, 2-Butanamine, 2-Propanamine, and identified 1-Octen-3-ol and 3-Methyl butanal as the major aroma compounds.151 C-19 fatty acids were also detected in the ethanolic extract of G. lucidum spores by Gao and coworkers.35 During their research, 2-naphthyl esters of nonadecanoic and cis-9-nonadecenoic acids isolated by multiple column chromatography and preparative HPLC and characterized by 1Hand 13C-NMR and MS spectral data from the G. lucidum spores were identified as the bioactive constituents responsible for the antitumor activity.35
Volatile composition, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity potential of Brassica incana leaf and flowering top extracts
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Maria Fernanda Taviano, Sonia Núñez, Adrián Millán-Laleona, Concetta Condurso, Antonella Verzera, Maria Merlino, Monica Ragusa, Natalizia Miceli, Víctor López
The volatile fraction of the flowering top extract was composed mostly of sulphur compounds and nitriles. These two classes of compounds constituted about the 82% of the whole volatile fraction. The main constituents were dimethyl trisulphide (36.22%), dimethyl disulphide (18.51%), 3-methyl-3-butenenitrile (16.06%) and dimethyl tetrasulfide (8.16%). Isobutyl isothiocyanate and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate were the only isothiocyanates detected but they were present at very low levels representing only the 0.08% and 0.57% of the whole volatile fraction, respectively. The remaining compounds were present as minor constituents (<1%), except for 1-penten-3-one (1.95%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (1.32%), 1-octen-3-ol (1.07%), 1-octanol (1.11%) and limonene (2.20%).