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Cystourethroscopy
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
The term “lithotomy” was coined in 276 bce by the Greek surgeon Ammonious of Alexandria. The original Hippocratic oath used to contain a warning to leave the lithotomy procedure (“cutting for stone”) to the specialists in this art, making the urologist the first surgical subspecialist. Because of diet poor in animal protein, endemic bladder stones were common until the time of the Industrial Revolution. Open cystolithotomy was the most common pediatric surgical procedure in the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in the 1900s. In modern pediatric urology and surgery practices, bladder stones occur in children with bladder outlet obstruction or neurogenic bladder dysfunction (Figure 66.7). In children undergoing enterocystoplasty for augmentation, the lifetime risk of bladder stone formation exceeds 30%. They are caused by urinary stasis, mucus production, and bacteriuria. Chronic bladder irritation by stone fragments can lead to future problems such as recurrent infections, hematuria, and malignancy. The removal of all stone fragments is essential to prevent a nidus for stone recurrence.
Pediatric urology
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Laurel Sofer, Emilie K. Johnson
Urologic abnormalities often overlap with gynecologic issues in the pediatric population. In this chapter, we focus on topics in pediatric urology that are relevant to the pediatric and adolescent gynecologist. Topics include urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux, interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome, ureteral bud anomalies, bladder exstrophy, and spina bifida.
Intervention: Nanotechnology in Reconstructive Intervention and Surgery
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Robotic surgery techniques have been developed for treatment of congenital urologic defects and other areas of pediatric urology, where it provides increased magnification and dexterity for in situ minimally invasive surgery. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been used in pyeloplasty for ure-teropelvic junction obstruction. Robotic-assisted pyeloplasty in children has been demonstrated to be feasible and to have satisfactory results. The short-term data suggest that outcomes are similar to those of open pyeloplasty in children [386,387].
Reporting quality of abstracts of systematic reviews/meta-analyses: An appraisal of Arab Journal of Urology across 12 years: the PRISMA-Abstracts checklist
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
Walid El Ansari, Khalid AlRumaihi, Kareem El-Ansari, Mohamed Arafa, Haitham Elbardisi, Ahmad Majzoub, Ahmad Shamsodini, Abdulla Al Ansari
In urology, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist [9] has been employed in many SRs/MAs, e.g. testicular tumours and azoospermia [10], artificial intelligence in endourology [11], minimally invasive treatment of urethral stricture [12], or coffee consumption and prostate cancer [13]. Fortunately, the reporting and methodological qualities of recently published MAs in paper-based urology journals have been generally good [14]. Notwithstanding, analysis of 227 published pediatric urology SRs/MAs upon which guidelines are premised found that many had poor methodology and, to a lesser extent, poor reporting quality [15]. In agreement, an appraisal of the SRs/MAs in pediatric urology journals reported that almost half lacked good scientific quality, raising concerns about their role in clinical practice [16]. However, the authors appraised the full text of the SRs/MAs rather than the abstracts [16].
Ageing in obscurity: a critical literature review regarding older intersex people
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2022
Intersex is an umbrella term used to describe a variety of sex characteristics that fall outside accepted binary notions of male and female bodies. Some traits are visible at birth while others are not apparent until puberty.1 In the mid-1950s, Dr John Money theorised that children born with ambiguous genitalia could be successfully raised in whatever gender they were assigned.2 Money’s theory, embraced by medical professionals, led to procedures being performed to enforce sex binaries on intersex infants worldwide. This went largely unchallenged until the 1990s.3 As intersex conditions are generally associated with and considered only in relation to paediatric care, little is understood about the needs of the intersex person throughout the remainder of their life into old age.4,5 The paucity of literature relating to older intersex people3 illustrates how intersex variations are often relegated to paediatric urology and endocrinology and then seemingly forgotten about. Existing literature often includes only a handful of intersex participants.6–8 The oldest of the children operated on under the guidelines of Dr John Money are in their mid-sixties today.
KIF11 as a potential cancer prognostic marker promotes tumorigenesis in children with Wilms tumor
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Yishu Luo, Wei Liu, Yinmei Zhu, Yongshen Tian, Ke Wu, Linghua Ji, Li Ding, Wenwen Zhang, Tingting Gao, Xiaoqin Liu, Jun Zhao
Human WT tissues and their adjacent non-tumor tissues (located >3 cm from the tumor tissues) were collected from 40 WT patients who had undergone surgical resection for WT and didn’t receive neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Ten patients were from the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and 30 were from Department of Pediatric Urology Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, China. The study was compliant with the principles of informed consent and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Shanghai Children’s Hospital. Tissue samples were frozen and stored at −80 °C immediately after resection until protein and RNA extraction. Each tissue was diagnosed and confirmed by pathological examination.