China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cranial Neuropathies I, V, and VII–XII
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Evaluation of the vestibular system may include: Neuro-otological evaluation: This frequently includes assessment for the presence of nystagmus. This can be done with Frenzel's goggles which are essential to eliminate ocular fixation that can hinder nystagmus. In peripheral vertigo, the nystagmus characteristically has horizontal and torsional components and may be present in primary gaze. Peripheral vertigo is not direction-changing and becomes more pronounced in the direction of the fast phase of the nystagmus. In central vertigo, the nystagmus can be direction-changing and may exhibit a vertical component.Electronystagmography/videonystagmography (ENG/VNG) to characterize the nystagmus.Provocative testing to induce vertigo and nystagmus: Dix–Hallpike test.HINTS testing is helpful in a patient with acute vertigo to differentiate a vestibulopathy from a central lesion such as a stroke.38
Clinical Test Paradigms and Problems: Human Otoprotection Studies
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Colleen G. Le Prell, Kathleen C. M. Campbell
There are a host of clinical tests that precisely measure the functional status of the different parts of the vestibular system and they are often combined in a battery that includes electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG), rotational chair tests, and computerized dynamic posturography [or, test of balance (TOB)] or other postural testing. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) tests might also be considered. VEMP tests are actually auditory evoked potential tests as the VEMP is a sound-evoked muscle reflex. During ocular VEMP (oVEMP) tests, electrodes are placed over the inferior oblique muscles to measure utricular function. During cervical VEMP (cVEMP) tests, electrodes are placed over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to measure saccular function. These tests are relatively newer and are not discussed further here. However, a brief description of each of the other tests, and an introduction to survey strategies is provided below.
Balance Disorders in Children
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Louisa Murdin, Gavin A.J. Morrison
Videonystagmography studies in children with migraine, undertaken during spontaneous nystagmus, gaze nystagmus, eye-tracking test, optokinetic and positional nystagmus and caloric testing, showed that all patients with migraine had abnormalities in vestibular testing. Analysis of the results suggested a mainly central localization of vestibular dysfunction.18
Vestibular assessment and management: survey of the current practices by audiologists in India
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2023
Sujeet Kumar Sinha, Niraj Kumar Singh
Regarding the clinical tests, most participants utilised the Romberg test, Fukuda stepping test, tests for cerebellar functioning and HINTS/HINTS plus in their setup for vestibular assessment and management. Among the objective tests, videonystagmography was the most common test used for the assessment, followed by VEMPs and vHIT. The professionals may use the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and video head impulse test as both the tests are easy to administer and consumes significantly less time. The videonystagmography test gives information about both the peripheral and central vestibular system; hence, most professionals might depend on videonystagmography to diagnose vestibular disorders. In a similar study, Finan [18] also reported that videonystagmography is one of the most common tests employed in the USA to assess and manage vestibular disorders.
Eye Movement Abnormalities in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Tunisian Cohort
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2022
Arwa Rekik, Saloua Mrabet, Imen Kacem, Amina Nasri, Mouna Ben Djebara, Amina Gargouri, Riadh Gouider
Both ALS patients and HCs underwent video-oculographic recording. Eye movements were recorded monocularly, using infrared video-oculography and Ulmer’s program for video-nystagmography. The recording was performed in a quiet, dark room. All participants underwent a standardised evaluation by a single skilled examiner. The patient was seated with the head fixed, at a distance of 75 cm from a television screen (Figure 1). The eye movements were recorded in the horizontal plane to assess smooth pursuits, voluntary saccadic latencies and anti-saccadic tasks. All records were visually inspected for quality assurance. Smooth pursuits were studied using a white spot that moved horizontally with a constant velocity (less than 10° per second). To study saccades, we used the zero-gap method. Central and peripheral targets consisted of a white square of 4°. The central target went out when the peripheral one appeared. The latter appeared randomly at 20° to the right or to the left every 30 seconds. The subjects were trained to look at a central point and then at an eccentric target, which they then had to look at as quickly as possible.
Vestibular functions in patients with tinnitus only
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Kadri Ila, Emre Soylemez, Nihat Yilmaz, Seyit Ali Kayis, Adrien A. Eshraghi
We administered the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) questionnaire for all patients with tinnitus. There are 25 questions on this questionnaire, and the responses are ‘yes,’ ‘sometimes’ and ‘no.’ A response of ‘yes’ is worth 4 points, ‘sometimes’ is worth 2 points and ‘no’ is worth 0 points. The lowest potential score of the survey is 0 and the highest is 100 points. Based upon this survey, total THI scores were divided into groups as: 0–16 slight (only heard in quiet environments), 18–36 mild (easily masked by environmental sounds and easily forgotten with activities), 38–56 moderate (noticed in presence of background noise, though daily activities can still be performed), 58–76 severe (almost always heard, leads to disturbed sleep patterns and can interfere with daily activities) and 78–100 catastrophic (always heard, disturbed sleep patterns and difficulty with all activities) [14]. We investigated the relationship between THI scores and videonystagmography results.