China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Clefts and craniofacial
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Place of articulation Lips – M, P, BLabiodental – F, V (lower lip and upper incisors)Dental – TH (tongue plus teeth)Alveolar – T, D (tongue plus alveolar ridge)Palato-alveolar – SH (air passes beneath the palate)Palatal – YVelarGlottal
Voice and Speech Production
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Paul Carding, Lesley Mathieson
Approximant consonants occur when the articulators are not sufficiently close to produce ‘complete’ consonants such as plosives, fricatives or nasals. Again, place of articulation can vary (see Table 60.1). These consonants are articulated similarly to vowels and are therefore often called semi-vowels. English examples of approximants include w and y. The lateral approximant ‘l’ varies slightly since the passage of air escapes along the sides of the tongue.
Vocal Motor Disorders *
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Phonetic units are the smallest elements to alter the meaning of a word. One may differentiate between phonetic and phonological characteristics of speech (Ladefoged, 1975, pp. 1, 24; Stoel-Gammon & Dunn, 1985, p. 52). Phonetics refers to the description of speech sounds, how they fall into patterns, and how they change. It has various components: articulation, or how speech is produced by the vocal apparatus (i.e., the place of articulation [structures such as bilabial, labiodental, etc.] and the manner of articulation [fricative or forcing air between two narrow surfaces to produce sounds such as /f or /s; nasal; voiced or accompanied by vibration of the vocal cords, such as /b/ /d/ /c/ /sh/ etc.]; acoustic, or the physical properties of sounds; and psychoacoustics, or the way in which speech sounds are perceived. Plosive refers to consonants produced by closing off the oral cavity and then being released with a burst of air (e.g., /p/ in stop).
Effects of a naturalistic intervention on the speech outcomes of young children with cleft palate
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2020
Nancy J. Scherer, Ann P. Kaiser, Jennifer R. Frey, Hope Sparks Lancaster, Kari Lien, Megan Y. Roberts
Five speech targets were identified from the PEEPS pre- test results for each participant. These were embedded in single and multiple word target language levels. Speech targets were identified after reviewing the PEEPS analyses and were selected based on the guidelines included in Peterson-Falzone, Hardin-Jones, and Karnell (2001). Nasals, stops, and fricatives were given priority as target sounds, anterior place of articulation was targeted before posterior place of articulation, and pre-vocalic positions were addressed before post-vocalic position. The target words were chosen based on their syllable structure in the PEEPS assessment (i.e. CV, VC, CVC, CVCV, CVCVC), recommendations from the parent regarding use in the home environment and ease with which they could be incorporated into age appropriate play. Typical word targets included names for objects, actions, or locations that began with stop and fricative consonants.
Speech outcome in young children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with one- or two-stage palatal repair and the impact of early intervention
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2019
Liisi Raud Westberg, Lena Höglund Santamarta, Jenny Karlsson, Jill Nyberg, Erik Neovius, Anette Lohmander
Infants and toddlers born with cleft palate have atypical conditions for early consonant production. Compared to typically developing children without cleft palate at 9–12 months of age, infants with an unoperated cleft palate have a lower occurrence of oral stops (1), higher occurrence of nasal consonants and semi vowels (2,3). The place of articulation is also different with more labial and glottal sounds than alveolar or velar sounds (1,4). Oral stops are important as it is the most common manner in canonical babbling of typically developing children and the oral stop manner indicates a competent velopharyngeal mechanism. Even after palatal repair, oral stops are still limited at 17 months and 3 years of age (2,3).
Voice source, formant frequencies and vocal tract shape in overtone singing. A case study
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2023
Johan Sundberg, Björn Lindblom, Anna-Maria Hefele
We decided to parallel the approach of Granqvist et al. in dealing with the front cavity. Our procedure is illustrated in Figure 8. From the MR images, we estimated the length of the lip section. The place of articulation was located at the end of the constriction. Data on the lip opening areas were obtained from the frontal-view video images; the sides of a rectangle were fitted to the innermost corners of the lips and the uppermost and lowermost tangents of the upper and lower lips, respectively. Measures of height (h) and width (w) of opening were then fed into the following formula for the lip opening area (A) [23]: