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The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
If a patient is suspected of having a decrease in the sense of smell, the degree of sensibility of the olfactory organ may determined by olfactometry using an olfactometer, a device for estimating how keen the sense of smell is. Study of the sense of smell is known as olfactology.
Formalization of the diagnosis of olfactory disorders
Published in Waldemar Wójcik, Sergii Pavlov, Maksat Kalimoldayev, Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II, 2019
O.G. Avrunin, Y.V. Nosova, N.O. Shushlyapina, A.S. Zlepko, A.I. Bezuglyi, T. Zyska, G. Ziyatbekova
Assessment of the function of smell is a complex diagnostic process, since it is based on a subjective sense of smell by the patient. To detect violations of the functions of the olfactory analyzer, olfactometry is used. Olfactometry (from Latin Olfacio—sense of smell and other Greek Μετρον – measure, measurement) is a technique that allows to measure the sensitivity of the olfactory analyzer by affecting it with specific odoriferous substances (odor vectors). The purpose of olfactometry, except for the recognition of odors, is the definition of olfactory sensitivity (smell threshold), which accordingly affects the determination of the degree of disturbance of the function of the olfactory analyzer of a person (Abizov & Pavlishin 2013).
Olfactory perception in patients with a mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Coline Zigrand, Benoit Jobin, Fanny Lecuyer Giguère, Jean-François Giguère, Benjamin Boller, Johannes Frasnelli
First, we found that patients with mTBI had weaker performance on the odor detection task than controls during the acute phase. This result is in line with previous studies showing that patients with mTBI had a poorer odor detection threshold than controls (13,14) in the acute phase (14). Interestingly, this cohort did not exhibit an increased odor detection threshold [see 8] despite having a more difficult time to distinguish odorous stimuli from blanks. This suggests that assessing odor detection using a go/ no go task as the one we used in this study may reveal a more subtle impairment that may go undetected when using clinical threshold tests. In fact, using an olfactometer allowed us to control the stimulation period at 500 ms. Therefore, participants were not able to adapt sniffing patterns, which is known to influence odor perception (34). In other words, we were able to measure odor detection without interference from a feedback loop via sniffing adaptation. In fact, higher error rate in go/ no go tasks have been reported for individuals suffering from a concussion in other sensory domains (e.g., vision (35)), and they may extend to the olfactory domain. Future studies should investigate to what extent this phenomenon explains altered odor detection in individuals with TBI.
Olfaction as a Marker of Cognitive Impairment in Older Veterans
Published in Military Behavioral Health, 2019
Daniel Freimer, Carrie Peltz, Allison Kaup, Feng Xia, Kristine Yaffe
Olfactory identification (OI) assessments were administered using a portable, laptop-driven OLFACT olfactometer (Osmic Enterprises, Cincinnati, Ohio). The olfactometer consists of a compressor that presents a constant airflow and 20 odor cartridges. When the airflow passes through a cartridge, the odor is released into the airflow and carried through a plastic nozzle. Participants were seated in front of the olfactometer in a quiet room and presented instructions by a research assistant, including a practice trial designed to familiarize participants with the interface and timing of the test. The assessment consisted of a 20-item forced-choice procedure, in which participants were presented an odor and asked to decide which of the four pictured items corresponded most closely, and was scored as number correct out of 20. Of note, because OI procedures force participants to choose a response, we could not identify participants that may suffer from true anosmia.
Automatic odor prediction for electronic nose
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2018
Mina Mirshahi, Vahid Partovi Nia, Luc Adjengue
The odor concentration is quantified manually in olfactometer laboratory. E-nose mimics an olfactormetry through the prediction of the odor concentration. The gaseous sample is presented to a panel of selected and screened humans. The concentration of sample is varied by diluting with neutral gas to determine the dilution factor at the 50labeled training data, see Table 1. Consequently, a small proportion of data is available for the prediction step. The sparse partial robust M-regression (SPRM) for prediction of odor concentration is more meaningful, to guard against ineffective prediction in the presence of outliers, see [10].