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Psychophysical Measurement of Human Oral Experience
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Derek J. Snyder, Linda M. Bartoshuk
Another measure of taste sensitivity, known as electrogustometry, involves the application of weak anodal electric currents to specific regions of the mouth (Krarup 1958; Mackenzie 1955). Electric taste has been attributed to various proposed mechanisms (Bujas 1971; DeSimone, Heck, and DeSimone 1981; DeSimone, Heck, Mierson, and DeSimone 1984; Kashiwayanagi, Yoshii, Kobatake, and Kurihara 1981), the most likely of which involves transport of positively charged ions in saliva toward taste receptors, concentrating them to levels where they can be detected (Herness 1985). Because saliva is mildly acidic and contains salts, electrogustometry typically evokes sour or salty taste sensations (e.g., Bujas 1971; Grant, Ferguson, Strang, Turner, and Bone 1987; Murphy, Quinonez, and Nordin 1995).
Evaluation of the Skull Base Patient
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Jeyanthi Kulasegarah, Richard M. Irving
Electroneurography (ENoG) has been used both pre- and post-operatively as a predictive test in patients with skull base lesions. Kartush et al. 6 subjected a series of patients with tumours to ENoG and found that a significant reduction in response did not correlate with post-operative facial nerve function. However, in patients with VS, a correlation was found between pre-operative ENoG amplitude and tumour size. In other situations, a 20% or greater reduction in the amplitude of the pre-operative ENoG correlated well with facial nerve involvement by cholesteatoma or non-VS tumours.6 Electromyography, maximal stimulation testing and electrogustometry have also been described and used to assess the degree of facial function prior to surgery, but have been shown to be of little clinical relevance.
Olfactory dysfunction in patients after recovering from COVID-19
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Martin Sylvester Otte, Hans Nikolaus Caspar Eckel, Leonard Poluschkin, Jens Peter Klussmann, Jan Christoffer Luers
The affection of the gustatory system by SARS-CoV-2 is subject of a controversial discussion. In the current scientific discussion, a differentiation between taste and gustatory disorders, i.e. a differentiation of the retronasal aroma taste via the olfactory system from the dysfunction of the taste buds and the continuing cranial nerves is only rarely made. Although this study concentrates on the olfactory system, the performed taste screening analysing the basic qualities ‘sweet’, ‘sour’, ‘salty’ and ‘bitter’ provides indications of an additional infestation of the gustatory system by the virus. Patients with hyposmia showed significantly reduced values of the taste score compared to normosmic subjects, which speaks in favour of a higher neuroinvasive potential in these patients. Further studies with detailed psychophysical or electrophysiological measurements of gustatory functions are necessary. In these, also other gustatory test procedures should be evaluated, like electrogustometry, taste strips or filter paper disks.
Taste and acoustic reflex after recovery from facial muscle paralysis in patients with facial nerve palsy
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Teruyuki Sato, Nobuo Ohta, Youji Tareishi, Takechiyo Yamada
The reason for using electrogustometry for taste testing in this study is that electrogustometry makes it easy to control stimulus strength and to objectively determine any mild taste disorder with few subjective symptoms, as has been shown in previous studies [8,9]. Although there is the method of comparing electrogustometry results with results from normal subjects [8,9], since the electrogustometric threshold increases with age [10], this study compared the affected side with the unaffected side. In most cases, as the FMP due to FNP improved with treatment, the electric taste test threshold also improved, and the difference between affected and unaffected sides decreased; in only 1 case did the electric taste threshold increase and was not improved at 6 months after treatment.