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Pulmonary – Treatable traits
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be measured in exhaled breath and their profile patterns might potentially be used to distinguish different asthma phenotypes. ‘Electronic nose’ technology provides a means of studying VOCs in individual patients, by utilising an array of sensors that react with different VOCs to generate a specific ‘breath print’. Exhaled breath condensate collection is an easy, non-invasive, reproducible technique that can be used to measure several asthma biomarkers, including pH, markers of oxidative stress (including hydrogen peroxide), microRNA profiles, lipoxines, cytokines and leukotrienes. Exhaled breath temperature is another potential biomarker for asthma, since blood flow in asthmatic airways is increased, resulting in a measurable increase in exhaled breath temperature. However, these techniques are still in the research phase and more work is required to standardise methodology and assess clinical utility.
Breathomics and its Application for Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Analytical Techniques and Approaches
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
David J. Beale, Oliver A. H. Jones, Avinash V. Karpe, Ding Y. Oh, Iain R. White, Konstantinos A. Kouremenos, Enzo A. Palombo
Electronic noses (E-noses) are artificial sensor systems, usually consisting of a range of sensors for various chemicals of interest. E-noses are able to detect (‘smell’) patterns of VOCs in breath and then use algorithms for classification of the ‘breathprint’ and comparison with previously recorded samples from known sources. Such methods can be paired with, and add value to existing diagnostic tests, such as routine spirometry (Vries et al., 2015). Although a relatively new technique, E-noses have been used to discriminate between patients with respiratory disease, including asthma, COPD and lung cancer, and healthy control subjects, and also among patients with different respiratory diseases and with airway inflammation activity (Montuschi et al., 2013).
Social Assistive Robots for Children with Complex Disabilities
Published in Pedro Encarnação, Albert M. Cook, Robotic Assistive Technologies, 2017
Cathy Bodine, Levin Sliker, Michael Marquez, Cecilia Clark, Brian Burne, Jim Sandstrum
A wide variety of remaining tools and sensors are available to integrate within a SAR. It is only necessary to determine the most effective modes of engagement. For example, if a certain child is relatively mobile and affectionate, that child may be more engaged with a SAR that has the ability to sense touch with tactile sensors, such as Roboskin (Billard et al. 2013). Perhaps another child who is nonverbal with limited mobility and cognitive impairments might benefit from a myoelectric sensor to connect muscle activity directly to the SAR. Other sensors include electronic noses (Loutfi and Coradeschi 2006), force plates to determine the direction of lean (Kudoh, Komura, and Ikeuchi 2006), reflective sensors for refined skeletal tracking (Mbouzao 2013), and heart rate monitors to track mood (Appelhans and Luecken 2006). The key is to capitalize on the modes of communication best represented by the SARs’ demographic.
Automatic odor prediction for electronic nose
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2018
Mina Mirshahi, Vahid Partovi Nia, Luc Adjengue
Electronic nose devices have received continuous attention in the field of sensor technology. The applications of e-nose include industrial production, processing, and manufacturing, mainly in quality control, grading, processing controls, and gas leak detection. In the last decade, great attention has been paid to the subject of air quality, because the air directly influences the environmental and human health. A crucial element in the assessment of indoor and outdoor air quality is auditing the odorants. Technological trend shows chemical sensors will be available for cell phones in the near future. This will transform auditing odors from industrial sites level to personal level. Algorithms such as one described in this article opens up horizons for smart olfaction technology.
Noninvasive detection of COPD and Lung Cancer through breath analysis using MOS Sensor array based e-nose
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Binson V A, M. Subramoniam, Luke Mathew
The developed electronic nose system has a TGS sensor array, signal processing system, and pattern recognition system. The working of our e-nose system is depicted in Figure 1. When the sensitive gases are present in the vicinity of the TGS sensors the electrical conductivity increases depending on the chemical concentration. A simple circuitry could be used to convert it into an output signal. Data acquisition is carried out with the aid of the Arduino Uno Rev 3 developer board. The final data processing and pattern recognition is carried out with a computer and hence the signals from the board are fed to the computer with Matlab R2020b installed. The basic parameters of the proposed device are shown in Table 2.
Exhaled breath profiling by electronic nose enabled discrimination of allergic rhinitis and extrinsic asthma
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Silvano Dragonieri, Vitaliano N Quaranta, Pierluigi Carratu, Teresa Ranieri, Onofrio Resta
Regarding allergic rhinitis, only one study showed that an electronic nose system based on six gas sensors coupled to Support Vector Machines reached a 99.2% success rate in the recognition of the exhaled breath of subjects with allergic rhinitis from healthy controls (Saidi et al. 2015). Our current data suggest that electronic nose technology is a suitable method for discriminating bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, which may have both clinical and pathophysiological implications.