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Voice Disorders and Laryngitis
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Laryngitis is a descriptive term indicating a degree of erythema, oedema, epithelial change that may include ulceration, leukoplakia, and/or stiffness of the mucosa of the vocal fold. Often there is an increased amount of thick mucus present. Most acute laryngitis is associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Chronic laryngitis has close links with smoking, alcohol, reflux, occupational exposures, social activities, allergies, and vocal/throat hygiene. The voice is usually hoarse (rough, strained, breathy, or whispery), which may be due to vocal fold stiffness from the inflammatory process and/or secondary to muscle tension imbalance. The majority of acute infections are self-limiting. Treatment of chronic laryngitis consists of voice hygiene (VH) with reduced use/abuse and rest.
The spectrum of voice disorders – presentation
Published in Stephanie Martin, Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
Chronic laryngitis is a more persistent disorder and is rarely caused by an inflammatory illness or an infection such as sarcoidosis or tuberculosis related to the vocal folds. As noted by Khidr et al. (2003), the laryngeal symptoms are most commonly caused by vocal misuse, for example, laryngeal irritation from exposure to chemicals, dust, smoking, alcohol abuse, GORD or LPR (Allen et al., 2019). In addition, irritation due to hypersensitivity type of occupational laryngitis (OL) has been noted by Hannu et al. (2009). Less often, chronic laryngitis is caused by chronic sinusitis with post-nasal drip.
Paediatric Voice Disorders
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Information should be sought from both the child and the parents. If the problem has been present from birth, a congenital lesion is likely. However, a history of endotracheal intubation around the time of birth or around the time of onset of symptoms may suggest laryngeal stenosis, cricoarytenoid joint fibrosis, intubation granuloma or cyst formation. Much more commonly, symptoms start with an upper respiratory tract infection that has been accompanied by laryngitis, a situation made worse by habitual patterns of voice misuse.
“Comparison of Nissen Rossetti and Floppy Nissen techniques in laparoscopic reflux surgery”
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Cem Kaan Parsak, İlker Halvacı, Uğur Topal
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) refers to the effortless, spontaneous reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, and accounts for approximately 75% of all esophageal pathologies. It is physiologically common, especially in the postprandial period [1], and when this reflux exceeds the normal physiological limit, esophageal and extraesophageal symptoms occur. Patients may present with such typical symptoms as heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation and dysphagia, as well as such atypical symptoms as cough, hoarseness, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis and dental erosion. The easiest approach to the identification of the disease is based on symptoms, although the symptoms considered to be indicative of GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation, are quite common in the general population.
Patient reported voice handicap and auditory-perceptual voice assessment outcomes in patients with COVID-19
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2023
Emel Tahir, Esra Kavaz, Senem Çengel Kurnaz, Fatih Temoçin, Aynur Atilla
Nonetheless, the infection can also have a significant impact on the upper airway [2]. Olfactory and taste dysfunctions, in particular, have been widely described as characteristic and early signs of COVID-19. Patients infected with COVID-19 may experience typical and non-specific upper airway infection symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and symptoms due to laryngeal involvement in the inflammatory process [3]. Dysphonia be caused by anything that restricts the vocal chords from vibrating normally, such as edema or inflammation. The most common cause of dysphonia is acute laryngitis prompted by an upper respiratory tract infection [3,4]. Dysphonia has previously been reported in 26.8% of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 [4]. The occurrence of dysphonia with upper respiratory infections is well described in the literature. Also, it is a known fact that viral pathogens may cause vagal neuropathy and vocal cord paralysis [5]. A vagal neuropathy that results in vocal fold paresis or paralysis can impair voice quality due to paradoxical vocal fold movement, persistent coughing, laryngeal paresthesia, laryngospasm, and vocal fatigue. COVID-19 affects the same systems and structures used for voice production; therefore, it may decrease voice quality [4,5].
Prognostic factors and importance of recognition of adult croup
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Tomoyasu Tachibana, Yorihisa Orita, Takuma Makino, Yasutoshi Komatsubara, Yuko Matsuyama, Yuto Naoi, Michihiro Nakada, Yasuharu Sato, Kazunori Nishizaki
This study has two limitations. First, nebulized dexamethasone was administered to 13 patients at the discretion of the attending physician. In addition, the use of antibiotics was empirical. Although methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated bacterial species in chronic bacterial laryngitis, the optimal treatment regimen for infectious laryngitis has yet to be defined [20]. These differences in treatment might have affected the period of symptoms or subglottic edema. As standard treatment of AC has not been established at present, simple comparison or evaluation among cases seems to be difficult. Second, the number of AC is too small to conduct multivariate analysis. Although our study indicated female, young age (<60 years), the symptom of cough, and high levels of CRP were associated with prolonged AC in univariate analysis, accumulating the number of cases enough for more accurate analysis would be necessary in the future.