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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Otological symptoms are usually caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction (i.e. ipsilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, and sensation of blockage). Otoscopic examination reveals a middle ear effusion. The nasopharynx should always be examined in adults with unexplained persistent middle ear effusion.
The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Problems with any of the structures involved in sound transmission from the body surface to the brain may impair hearing. External otitis is an inflammation of the outer ear and may block the progress of sound waves. Impacted cerumen is an accumulation of cerumen or earwax that blocks the ear canal and prevents sound waves from reaching the tympanic membrane. Inflammation of the tympanic membrane is known as myringitis or tympanitis and may prevent the tympanic membrane from vibrating appropriately. Eustachian tube dysfunction is a general term used to describe any condition in which the ability of the eustachian tube to equilibrate ambient and middle ear pressure is impeded.
Ear, nose and throat
Published in Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol, Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol
Clinical history should address: Previous trouble with flying (e.g. barotrauma).Ear: infections (otitis externa and media); tinnitus; vertigo; history of trauma (tympanic perforation or surgery); Eustachian tube dysfunction; hearing problems.Nose: obstruction (polyps, hay fever, rhinitis medicamentosa); discharges (clear, purulent, blood); post-nasal drip; sinus blockage.Oro-pharynx: dental; throat infections.Social: smoking; alcohol; drug history.
Recurrent facial baroparesis on airplane flights relieved by endoscopic sinus surgery: A case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2023
Makiko Toma-Hirano, Ryoji Kagoya, Ken Ito
Eustachian tube dysfunction is an important mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of facial baroparesis. In the previously reported cases of facial baroparesis, treatment for Eustachian tube dysfunction, such as tympanostomy tube insertion, Eustachian tube dilation, and nasal decongestant spray have been successfully administered [1,2,11]. CRS is a disease known to be involved in Eustachian tube dysfunction, and there are reports that ESS for CRS has improved Eustachian tube function [12,13]. It is believed that ESS improves the inflammatory state of the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx, mucosal thickening, and ciliary function, which leads to improvement of Eustachian tube function [12]. To our knowledge, there is no case report of facial baroparesis that improved after ESS. Considering the involvement of Eustachian tube dysfunction in the pathogenesis of facial baroparesis, clinicians should be mindful of ESS as a treatment option in cases complicated by CRS.
Teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Poupak Fallahi, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Giusy Elia, Eugenia Balestri, Valeria Mazzi, Armando Patrizio, Chiara Botrini, Salvatore Benvenga, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Alessandro Antonelli
All events of alopecia were mild in severity, except for one event of moderate severity. 23% of menstruating women experienced menstrual disorders (amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, dysmenorrhea). Teprotumumab may increase blood sugar (10%), so it is necessary to evaluate glycemia before the start of the treatment, and glycemic levels should be tracked during the treatment. However, hyperglycemia might be transient and can recover after the end of the treatment, or with a specific therapy. Another possible side effect is related to hearing problems, that are present in about 10% of patients and in some cases can persist after the end of the treatment. Hearing impairment includes deafness, eustachian tube dysfunction, hyperacusis, hypoacusis, and autophony. A case of a woman with chronic teprotumumab-associated sensorineural hearing loss has been recently reported [67]. The patient had chronic TED with proptosis and diplopia. After three doses of teprotumumab she developed tinnitus, followed by hearing loss after five doses. The audiogram showed bilateral mild to moderate-severe hearing loss, significantly worse with respect the baseline audiogram. Teprotumumab was immediately interrupted, however 6 weeks later the audiogram showed no amelioration. Due to the potentially irreversible sensorineural hearing loss, close monitoring with regular audiometric tests before, during and after treatment with teprotumumab is recommended, and it may be important to consider potential treatment to recover from any hearing problems [67].
Cone beam computed tomography imaging of superior semicircular canal morphology: a retrospective comparison of cleft lip/palate patients and normal controls
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Oğuzhan Altun, Suayip Burak Duman, Ibrahim Sevki Bayrakdar, Yasin Yasa, Sacide Duman, Sevcihan Günen Yılmaz
CL/P is a common birth abnormality, evident in 1/800–1000 non-syndromic patients. Middle ear and mastoid problems are common in CL/P patients [1,3,35], as is Eustachian tube dysfunction. The Eustachian tube ensures ventilation of the pressure between the middle ear and mastoid space, affords middle ear protection, and clears middle ear secretions. Eustachian tube dysfunction creates negative pressure in the middle ear space. Such dysfunction may progress to otitis media and atrophy or scarring of the tympanic membrane under either positive or negative pressure [36]. CL/P patients frequently exhibit hearing problems, particularly conductive hearing loss attributable to otitis media with effusion [31,37,38]. Several factors affect such hearing problems, including sex, age, ethnicity and cleft pathology type [39]. In the literature, conductive hearing loss was evident in 12.1–83% of CL/P patients. Flynn et al. [31] reported an incidence of 83%, and Handzic-Cuk et al. [32] an incidence of 59.7%. Another study of 50 CL/P patients found that 59.6% had middle ear effusion and 12.1% symptomatic hearing loss [37]. In a study comparing CL/P patients with healthy controls, the prevalence of SSCD was higher in patients with chronic otitis media [36]. Both audiological and otorhinolaryngological examinations are necessary for CL/P patients [1,36,40].