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Partial and Total Ear Reconstruction
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The PAA travels towards the scalp in the groove between the mastoid and the cartilage of the posterior EAM, and then continues onto the conchal eminence. The lower division supplies the posterior surface of the ear lobule, minor posterior branches supply the mastoid fascia and the middle and upper divisions supply the middle and upper thirds of the medial surface of the ear. Perforating branches of the PAA form during its course over the medial surface of the concha. These traverse the cartilage and supply the lateral surface of the ear at key areas: the outer border of the antitragus, cavum concha, helical crus, cymba concha and triangular fossa.
Sensory organs
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Pinna (elastic cartilage)– channels sound waves into external auditory meatus– tragus (ant.)– intertragic notch– antitragus– lobule
Anatomy
Published in Stanley A. Gelfand, Hearing, 2017
The antihelix is a ridge that runs essentially parallel to the posterior helix. Its upper end bifurcates to form two crura, a rather wide superoposterior crus and a narrower anterior crus, which ends under the angle where the helix curves backward. A triangular depression is thus formed by the two crura of the antihelix and the anterior part of the helix, and is called the triangular fossa. From the crura, the antihelix curves downward and then forward, and ends in a mound-like widening, the antitragus. Opposite and anterior to the antitragus is a backward-folding ridge called the tragus. The inferoanterior acute angle formed by the tragus and antitragus is called the intertragal incisure. The tragus, the antitragus, and the crus of the helix border a relatively large and cup-shaped depression called the concha. Sebaceous glands are present in the skin of the concha as well as in the ear canal. At the bottom of the concha, protected by the tragus, is the entrance to the ear canal.
Further delineation of the oculoauricular syndrome phenotype: A new family with a novel truncating HMX1 mutation
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2018
Ghada M.H. Abdel-Salam, Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid, Mennat I. Mehrez, Ahmad M. Kamal, Mohamed B. Taher, Hanan H. Afifi
On examination, height, weight and head circumference were 117 kg (–1 SD), 20.5 kg (−1.3 SD) and 52 cm (−0.5 SD), respectively. High forehead, microcornea and horizontal nystagmus were noticed. Both ear pinnae were large, protruded and low-set. Tragus and antitragus were prominent, as well as the antihelix (stem, superior and inferior cruses). Hypoplastic ear lobule with cleft was detected bilaterally (Figure 1). Chest, heart, abdominal, and neurological examinations showed normal results. No genital anomalies were detected. The boy showed normal developmental milestones. The parents had normal shape and position of ears. Hearing test and ophthalmological examinations of the parents revealed no abnormalities.
Versatility of composite grafts for nasal defects – a case series
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Caroline Asirvatham Gjorup, Michael Prangsgaard Moeller, Camilla Asklund, Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich, Line Bro Breiting
Most of the grafts in this series were harvested from the root of the helix. Other parts of the ear, such as the antitragus or the posterior aspect of the ear, can also be used [7,19]. The root of helix was chosen due to factors related to the cartilage and skin. The cartilage of the crus of the helix has a natural curve imitating the alar rim. The cartilage is wide and a part of this can be harvested in the shape needed leaving enough support for the ear without noticeably affecting the appearance of the ear. The skin is typically abundant for these reconstructions as it can be harvested preauricular, as shown in Figure 1(B).