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Developmental and Acquired Disorders of The Spine
Published in Milosh Perovitch, Radiological Evaluation of the Spinal Cord, 2019
Spondylolisthesis is marked by a forward displacement of the vertebral body affected by congenital or acquired disorders. The displacement occurs mostly in the lower lumbar region at the level of Ls to S1, and less often in the cervical area. In the cervical region, spondylolisthesis occurs predominently in males and may be the cause of the spinal cord compression. Retrolisthesis or reverse spondylolisthesis is a posterior displacement, usually of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebral body. It happens much less frequently than the anterior spondylolisthesis. Its appearance may be related either to developmental abnormalities of the spine, or to trauma, laxity of the ligaments, herniated disk, arthritis, and infections (earlier, usually in tuberculous spondylitis).25, 27
Cervical spine fractures
Published in Charles M Court-Brown, Margaret M McQueen, Marc F Swiontkowski, David Ring, Susan M Friedman, Andrew D Duckworth, Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly, 2016
Discoligamentous injuries from hyperextension injuries are generally stable and may be treated non-operatively. When associated with small amounts of retrolisthesis or with neurologic deficits they are treated with an anterior discectomy and fusion. Alternatively, a posterior fixation with or without decompression could be performed (Figure 30.7).
Lumbar Spine
Published in Harry Griffiths, Musculoskeletal Radiology, 2008
The word “spondylolisthesis” comes from the Greek “spond” (spine) and “olisthesis” (to slip) and refers to the slippage of one vertebral body anteriorly on the one below. The term “retrolisthesis” has been used for the reverse situation, with the vertebral body above slipping posteriorly on the one below, but I do not like this term and use spondylolisthesis for all types of vertebral slips. Spondylolisthesis was first described by Herbiniaux in Belgium in 1782, but it was not until 1854 that Kilian discussed spondylolisthesis in any detail. It only occurs in humans and is presumably related in some way to our upright posture. The incidence of spondylolisthesis in the general population varies according to various authors; 4% to 5% is a reasonable figure (Fig. 8).
Efficacy of interspinous device on adjacent segment degeneration after single level posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a minimum 2-year follow-up
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2021
Kwang Ryeol Kim, Chang Kyu Lee, In Soo Kim
Kumar et al.25 have demonstrated that retrolisthesis is the most frequent type of radiologic ASD. Min et al.26 have shown that angular instability is the most frequent type of radiologic ASD. Most ASDs are found at the cephalad segment of the fused level. Sacrificing either tendon insertion points on the spinous processes or the supraspinous ligament can lead to accelerated development of adjacent instability. Other types of ASD that have been found include disc degeneration, hypertrophic facet joint arthritis, herniated nucleus pulposus and stenosis. Hikata et al.27 have demonstrated that disc space narrowing is the most frequent type of ASD. Decompression surgery at the level above the fusion may affect the development of ASD. Disc space collapse was a more pronounced change after laminectomy compared with progression of spondylolisthesis and angular instability. In our study, 32 patients developed radiologic ASD. As mentioned earlier, we defined radiologic ASD as proximal junctional kyphosis, disc height narrowing, spondylolisthesis, angular instability and disc degeneration. Among them, disc degeneration (28/32, 88%) was the most frequent type of radiologic ASD, followed by disc height narrowing (18/32, 56%) (Table 1).
Risk factors related to adjacent segment degeneration: retrospective observational cohort study and survivorship analysis of adjacent unfused segments
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Jose Ramirez-Villaescusa, Jesús López-Torres Hidalgo, Antonio Martin-Benlloch, David Ruiz-Picazo, Francisco Gomar-Sancho
The radiological results that were considered as criteria of ASD were: (1) A loss in global pre-operative disc height was observed in 159 adjacent unfused segments in 112 patients (42.6%); (2) Anterior or posterior slippage (anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis) at end of follow-up was observed in 33 patients (12.5%), 28 of them had retrolisthesis (in the first superior disc in 20 patients, and in the second and third superior discs in 8 patients), and 5 of them had anterolisthesis; (3) Rotation of superior vertebral segments not included in the fusion was found in 36 patients (13.6%), being grade I in 24 patients, grade II in 11 patients, and grade III in one; (4) Radiographic disc degeneration was observed in 107 discs of 72 patients, with degeneration being most frequent in the first superior disc: presence of radiographic grade 2 and 3 degeneration was observed at end of follow-up in 48 discs of 35 patients (13.6%); (5) severe degeneration of grades IV and V evaluated by MR was observed in 46 discs of 32 patients (43.8% of patients with pre and postoperative MR) (Table 2).
Device profile of the FlareHawk interbody fusion system, an endplate-conforming multi-planar expandable lumbar interbody fusion cage
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Peter B. Derman, Rachelle Yusufbekov, Brian Braaksma
These devices are cleared for use with autogenous bone graft and/or allogenic bone graft (cancellous and/or corticocancellous bone) in skeletally mature patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD) at one or two contiguous levels from L2-S1. DDD is defined as discogenic back pain with disc degeneration confirmed by history and radiographic studies. Patients may have up to Grade 1 spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis at the surgical level(s) and should have undergone at least six months of non-surgical treatment. FlareHawk and TiHawk implants are intended to be used with supplemental fixation instrumentation and not in a stand-alone manner, reference cleared indications for use.