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Pulmonary diseases in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Leah Lande, Abraham Sanders, Dana Zappetti
Kyphoscoliosis is a deformity of the spine with excessive curvature either posterior (kyphosis) or lateral (scoliosis). Women are more commonly affected than men, with a prevalence of 10.7% in women 25 to 74 years, documented in one study. Kyphoscoliosis, by causing a reduction in lung volumes, can lead to respiratory failure and death. The deformity of the chest wall compresses the lungs and leads to ventilation perfusion mismatching, hypoxemia, and, occasionally, hypercarbia. PH and heart failure can occur (57).
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
General: Kyphoscoliosis (may affect posture and pulmonary function).Foot deformity (pes cavus and extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints in about 90% of patients).Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Priyanka Chhadva, Pete Setabutr
Another common skeletal abnormality is fused, bifid, splayed, or missing ribs, occurring in around 35% of BCNS patients. This rib abnormality can give rise to a depressed or prominent sternum in around 30%–40% of patients [21,22,28,39]. Kyphoscoliosis is seen in 10%–40% of patients [41]. Spina bifida occulta of the thoracic or cervical vertebrae occurs in 60% of cases [42].
Split cord malformation associated with scoliosis in adults
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Rizwan Nazarali, Kristopher Lyon, Joseph Cleveland, David Garrett
A new classification system proposed by Mahapatra and Gupta further divides type I SCM into four categories: Ia, bony spur in the center with equally duplicated cord above and below the spur; type Ib, bony spur at the superior pole with no space above and a large duplicated cord below; Ic, bony spur at the lower pole with a large duplicated cord above; and Id, bony spur straddling the bifurcation with no space above or below the spur.1 Given this classification system, our patients can be classified as type Ib and type Ia, respectively. Due to the rarity of adult type I SCM, recent case reports by Viswanathan et al describe older patients with SCM who presented with similar complaints of axial back and radicular pain, which were relieved with surgery.19 Although the authors did not subclassify the type I SCM based upon Mahapatra and Gupta’s new classification system, the primary endpoint of pain relief and improved quality of life was demonstrated, as it was in our patients. We therefore emphasize that the most common sign associated with SCM is skin stigmata, usually in the form of hypertrichosis, and clinicians should remain vigilant in seeking out these occult physical exam findings.1,9 Plain imaging, based upon a study from Mahapatra and Gupta, revealed scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis in 41% of patients, a finding that our patients also shared.1 According to Jindal and Mahapatra, MRI is highly accurate in confirming this diagnosis.20
Section 9: Home mechanical ventilation in children with kyphoscoliosis
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2018
Kyphoscoliosis is a well-recognized cause of respiratory failure in adults.1 In pediatrics, there is a growing body of literature on respiratory failure secondary to early onset scoliosis associated with other bony abnormalities of the thorax. Most children with scoliosis who require long-term assisted ventilation have neuromuscular scoliosis, in which case, although scoliosis may contribute to respiratory compromise, the requirement for assisted ventilation is usually mandated by the underlying condition.2,3 Rotation of the thoracic vertebrae impairs the upward displacement of the ribs during inspiration and places the respiratory muscles at a mechanical disadvantage. In addition, there is displacement and crowding of the organs of the thoracic cavity on the concave side with resulting decreases in both chest wall compliance and lung compliance.4
Three column osteotomy for adult spine deformity: comparison of outcomes and complications between kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
Jun Qiao, Lingyan Xiao, Xu Sun, Zhen Liu, Zezhang Zhu, Bangping Qian, Yong Qiu
Kyphosis refers to abnormally excessive convex kyphotic curvature of the spine as it occurs in the cervical, thoracic and sacral regions.1 Kyphosis could be classified as postural kyphosis, Scheuermann's kyphosis, congenital kyphosis, nutritional kyphosis, Gibbus deformity and post-traumatic kyphosis.2 Kyphoscoliosis describes an abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal and sagittal plane.3 It is a combination of kyphosis and scoliosis. Kyphoscoliosis may manifest in an individual at different stages of life and for various etiologies. In addition to cosmetic problems, many patients have significant back pain and functional disability due to the spinal imbalance associated with the kyphosis or kyphoscoliosis.4 For severe rigid kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis, three-column osteotomies, including pedicle subtraction osteotomy and vertebral column resection could provide adequate correction of the deformity.5–7 To date, no study has examined the difference in surgical outcomes and complications between these two types of spine deformities. The aim of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes and complications between kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis when using three-column osteotomies.