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The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Spina bifida or cleft spine is a developmental disorder in which the neural arches of the vertebra do not close completely, making the spinal nerves subject to injury or infection. Three abnormal spinal curvatures occurring in adolescents or adults are kyphosis(kypho = hunchback), lordosis (lordo = bent backward), and scoliosis(scoli = crooked).
New world cultures and civilizations
Published in Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim, A History of Medicine, 2017
Water management has always been one of the major problems of urban development. Spanish observations and archeological evidence suggest that the water available to residents of Tenochtitlán was better than that of most sixteenth-century European cities. Personal cleanliness was so highly valued that even the common people bathed daily. Steam baths were considered essential for purification, relaxation, and as a means of fighting off fevers and poisons. The streets of Tenochtitlán were swept and washed daily by hundreds of street cleaners who were supervised by health officers and inspectors. Laws and customs prohibited dumping refuse into the lake or canals. Night soil (human excrement used as fertilizer) was collected and taken by barge to farms on the mainland. Urine was collected for use in dyeing cotton cloth. Prior to contact with Europeans, strict attention to cleanliness might have reduced the dissemination of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatism, and respiratory infections must have been fairly common, and drawings and pottery figures seem to depict the “hunchback” associated with tuberculosis of the spine.
The Caregivers
Published in David B. Oliver, Sally Tureman, The Human Factor in Nursing Home Care, 2013
David B. Oliver, Sally Tureman
His name is Richard. He is mean and ugly. Apparently he has always been very independent. He suffered a stroke. He is a big man and reminds me of a hunchback. He is angry at his wife all the time for having placed him in the home, but she simply couldn't take his meanness anymore. At first he wanted to prove he could still care for himself, but the problem was he couldn't do anything with his hands. He fought everyone off and tried to take a stab at me with his fork. One day he choked on a piece of meat and I ran to assist him and was able to dislodge the obstructing piece from his throat. Later he thanked me and told me I had saved his life. His attitude has changed and I have earned his trust. Later he became more involved, cooperative, and pleasant.
Synaptic remodeling, lessons from C. elegans
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2020
Andrea Cuentas-Condori, David M. Miller, 3rd
An independent approach revealed that UNC-55 also negatively regulates expression of the HBL-1/Hunchback transcription factor in VD neurons (Figure 3). HBL-1 promotes the translocation of ventral presynaptic components to the dorsal side in unc-55 mutant VDs and also drives synaptic remodeling in wild-type DD neurons (Thompson-Peer et al., 2012). HBL-1 has not been tested, however, for a potential role in remodeling the DD postsynaptic apparatus (e.g. ACR-12, Figure 1). In addition, forced expression of HBL-1 in VD neurons is not sufficient to induce remodeling which suggests that HBL-1 could function downstream of IRX-1. Notably, the micro RNA, mir-84, antagonizes HBL-1 expression and this function is required to block the HBL-1-dependent precocious removal of DD presynaptic terminals in the early L1 larva in mir-84 mutants (Thompson-Peer et al., 2012).
Postural stability in Parkinson’s disease patients’ wives and in elderly women leading different lifestyles
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2019
Renata B. Orawiec, Stanisław B. Nowak, Paweł Tomaszewski
The physical activity of older people is greatly varied and is associated with a person’s lifestyle. Some have the benefit of a materially secure situation, fewer responsibilities, support, and care from close friends and family, as well as a lot of free time. This encourages participation in various forms of physical activity, in order to “add to one’s health” e.g., as students of the University of the Third Age (U3A). Others do not have the benefits of such freedom due to housework for the entire family. Although housework is a type of physical activity it is not always conducive to the health of the homemaker. There is also a group of people who must be caregivers of ill loved ones e.g., the wives of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. This type of activity certainly is not conducive to the health of the caregivers and some aspects of it can be destructive both physically and mentally (Yiengprugsawan, Harley, Seubsman, & Sleigh, 2012; Chan, Malhotra, Malhotra, Rush, & Østbye, 2013). Frequently the role of a caregiver of ill persons is not noticed and not appreciated by society. PD patients require permanent care since their movements are unstable and slow. The patient is hunchbacked and leans forward, making rising and sitting difficult. However, most seriously, postural balance is impaired, which gradually leads to the loss of independence, and as a result the quality of the patient’s life is drastically reduced (Błaszczyk et al., 2007; Donath et al., 2016; Błaszczyk & Orawiec, 2011; Opara, Brola, Leonardi, & Błaszczyk, 2012).
Factors to be Considered when Performing Cataract Surgery in Patients Unable to Recline Flat
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
Aniko Rentka, Adam Kemeny-Beke
Even when irregular cases must be treated, despite the difficulties, surgeons attempt to reach the position closest to the ideal RTP. Among the various anatomical deformities, cervical kyphosis, a very short neck (“bull neck”), and torticollis are of major importance because of their prevalence, as reflected in the literature.2 Kyphosis, hunchback, or round back is either a congenital curvature of the upper spine, or is caused by an acquired disease of the spine, such as an infectious disease, degenerative arthritis, trauma, or also a rare complication of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (Figure 2). Gordon et al. reported on a patient with degenerative joint disease and severe kyphosis who underwent successful phacoemulsification surgery with three pillows under his head and neck and 11 under his buttocks and legs, the pillows being taped securely to the operating table, which was placed in the maximum RTP.3 Muthialu et al. illustrate two men with severe cervical kyphosis, whose shoulders and chests were supported by Velcro surgical straps similar to those of a parachute, while the heads were horizontal and the legs were lifted well above the head. The patients were thus placed in extreme TP, and the surgeon needed to sit at the superior position at the head end while a clear corneal superotemporal wound was made.4 In addition, the surgeon could even rotate the operating table; a modification proving useful when kyphosis is combined with scoliosis. For the torticollis case, Liu recommended the use of the standing position (Figure 3) and, if necessary, a temporal approach, and placement of the side pocket on the contralateral side to avoid fluid draining to the opposite side.5