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Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Imagine a client over-pronating, with collapsed arches and knees rolling in as they run. A biomechanical approach labels ‘over-pronation’ as a dysfunction that needs to be corrected. ‘Flat feet’ are often identified as a cause of biomechanical stress leading to lower limb pain. Patients with flat feet are often prescribed orthotic inserts.
Orthopaedics and Fractures
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
The natural history of flat feet is for spontaneous improvement and the painless, flexible flat foot needsno treatment. Orthosesdo not alter the natural history of the condition but can alleviate symptoms such as tired/achy calves or feet,if they arise.
Posture and orthopedic impairments
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Flat feet occur when the longitudinal arch is lower than normal, contributing to a poor functional posture development by changing the stability of the foot. Although flat feet are not necessarily weak feet and are a minor postural deviation that generally does not hamper physical development, proper stability is required to prevent injury to other portions of the foot. Because of this, corrective exercises such as the following (to be performed in a sitting position) are encouraged to strengthen the transverse arch of the foot and provide stability (Johnson, 2012).
Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Bahrain
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Husain Nasaif, Maryam Alaradi, Ridha Hammam, Muna Bucheeri, Maroom Abdulla, Hameed Abdulla
The reported vitamin D deficiency in our study was 32.1%, which might not represent the actual percentage because many nurses do not routinely perform the test. Some studies have reported higher rates of vitamin D deficiency among nurses, based on laboratory testing (43–89%) [38,39]. Our findings indicated that vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms 3.5 times. In addition, having flat feet and not wearing anatomical footwear were correlated with lower back and neck pain. Studies have shown that flat foot is associated with spinal degeneration and impairment of lateral core muscle endurance, which may be a risk factor for back pain [40,41]. The temporal sequence between flat foot, wearing anatomical footwear and back pain was not assessed in our study.
Differences in foot dimensions between children and adolescents with and without Down syndrome
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Nirmeen M. Hassan, Andrew K. Buldt, Nora Shields, Karl B. Landorf, Hylton B. Menz, Shannon E. Munteanu
Children with Down syndrome often do not wear appropriately fitting footwear. One study involving 50 children with Down syndrome found 60% of participants wore footwear that was too narrow and 54% of participants wore footwear that was too long [12]. Another study with 105 participants (50 with Down syndrome) found only 12% of individuals with Down syndrome (which included adolescents and adults) wore appropriately fitting footwear, compared with 84% of individuals without Down syndrome [13]. Poorly-fitting footwear may negatively affect gait performance [14] through a number of hypothesised mechanisms. The use of footwear that is excessively long has been hypothesised to interfere with normal toe clearance [15]. Excessively long footwear may also interfere with the correct positioning of the metatarsophalangeal joints relative to the treadline of footwear. This may lead to inefficient gait as the footwear will be required to flex in a region that is not designed for bending during the propulsive period of gait [15]. These effects may alter gait performance [14], reduce physical activity [15], and increase the risk of falls [15,16]. Further, the effects of poorly-fitting footwear on gait performance may be magnified in children with Down syndrome by requiring increased effort and subsequent increased energy demands in children who often have hypotonia and reduced muscle strength [15,17,18]. Changes to foot dimensions may occur during movement, such as splaying of the forefoot during stance and toe spreading, which may not be accommodated for in poorly-fitting footwear. This may contribute to foot pain, and to reduced physical activity levels [15], which can have consequential effects on overall health and community participation. Flat feet may also alter foot dimensions and impact gait patterns due to greater external rotation of the feet during gait, further contributing to inefficient gait patterns [19].
Is there a relationship between lower-extremity injuries and foot postures in professional football players? A prospective cohort study
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2022
Afsaneh Safar Cherati, Salman Khalifeh Soltani, Navid Moghadam, Bahar Hassanmirzaei, Zohreh Haratian, Shayesteh Khalifeh Soltani, Meisam Rezaei
Although the literature is not conclusive, the results show the time-loss injuries among the players with a flat foot are more likely. Moreover, our study asserted that the type of sustained damage is probably related to foot classifications, which contrasts with Bassett’s research (Bassett 2012). Consequently, more prospective data are required to clarify the association between foot posture and injury risk in football players.