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Knee and lower leg
Published in Pankaj Sharma, Nicola Maffulli, Practice Questions in Trauma and Orthopaedics for the FRCS, 2017
Pankaj Sharma, Nicola Maffulli
The Blackburne–Peel index compares the ratio of the patellar articular surface length to the distance of the tibial plateau from the inferior part of the patellar articular surface. With 30° of knee flexion, Blumensaat’s line should pass from the inferior border of the patella through the intercondylar notch. With the knee flexed to 90°, the patella should lie between a line drawn along the anterior and posterior femoral cortices. The patellar index assesses patellar alignment.
Distal femoral fractures
Published in Charles M Court-Brown, Margaret M McQueen, Marc F Swiontkowski, David Ring, Susan M Friedman, Andrew D Duckworth, Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly, 2016
Eleanor Davidson, Charles M. Court-Brown
A longitudinal midline skin incision is made 2 cm distal to the inferior pole of the patella. The patella tendon is retracted laterally and the medial tissues are dissected. A guide wire can now be inserted medial to the patella. The anatomical landmark is the Blumensaat line, which corresponds to the roof of the intercondylar notch. Care should be taken not to damage the posterior cruciate ligament and the articular cartilage. If preferred, an anteromedial incision can be used and if a type C fracture is to be treated, some surgeons prefer an anterolateral approach.
Outcomes after arthroscopic revision surgery for anterior cruciate ligament injuries
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2021
Alexei V Yumashev, Tatyana V Baltina, Dmitrii V Babaskin
The tibial bone tunnel was classified as positioned correctly if, on the frontal radiograph, it formed an angle between 60°and 65° with respect to the medial joint line of the tibia; and, on the lateral radiograph, the tunnel was posterior and oriented parallel to the Blumensaat line. The femoral bone tunnel was classified as positioned correctly if it met the following criteria: in the ‘over-the-top position’; the tunnel was located 2 mm ventral to the posterior cortical layer of the femur.