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Introduction to the clinical stations
Published in Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Core Surgical Training Interviews, 2020
The most common injuries associated with these dislocations are the Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions. In an anterior shoulder dislocation, the humerus is forced anteriorly, as it does so there is a risk of causing damage to the supporting glenoid labrum and anterior capsule; this is called a Bankart lesion. This usually requires an MRI scan in order to diagnose confidently. In posterior dislocations, the posterior head of the humerus suffers a compression fracture, which is often visible on radiographs and is called a Hill-Sachs lesion.
Shoulder dislocation
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
The four most common complications are Bankart lesions (up to 87%), Hill-Sachs lesions (54%–76%), rotator cuff tears (14%), and axillary nerve injuries (3%). A Bankart lesion is a deformity of the glenoid rim which can lead to joint instability. A Hill-Sachs deformity is a cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus that occurs as a result of the force of the humeral head against the glenoid rim during the dislocation. Rotator cuff tears can also occur due to the force of the dislocation and can cause shoulder instability. The axillary nerve, which travels in close proximity to the humeral head, can be damaged during the dislocation, resulting in loss of sensation over the deltoid and difficulty with arm abduction.
Extended matching item (EMI)
Published in Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon, Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years, 2018
Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon
There is an anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint – this is better appreciated on the ‘Y’ view, where the humeral head is seen anterior to the ‘Y’, overlying the thorax. See the below post reduction image to compare how a congruent gleno-humeral joint appears on the AP view. A Hill-Sachs lesion is a fracture of the upper outer aspect of the humeral head as it impacts the antero-inferior glenoid rim fracture following anterior dislocation of the shoulder. A tear of the labrum at the antero-inferior glenoid rim is termed a Bankart lesion.
Simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocation during pilates reformer exercise: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Metin Ergün, İhsan Yörük, Ogün Köyağasioğlu
On physical examination at the tenth day after the injury and consequent reduction, the right shoulder had mild restriction of internal rotation (IR) and the left shoulder had severe restriction of IR. No sensitivity and difficulty existed during shoulder elevation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed two weeks after injury was reviewed. Findings for the left shoulder were appearance of fissure on tuberculum majus, a linear fibrous Bankart lesion on anterior labrum, edema distal to the supraspinatus tendon and a partial rupture to the distal tendon of subscapularis muscle and effusion around the biceps muscle tendon (Figure 2a). On her right shoulder, there was Hill-Sachs deformity posterolateral to the humeral head, edema, and partial rupture distal to the supraspinatus tendon, and edema in bone marrow (Figure 3b).
Longitudinal assessments of strength and dynamic balance from pre-injury baseline to 3 and 4 months after labrum repairs in collegiate athletes
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Ling Li, Brenna K. McGuinness, Jacob S. Layer, Yu Song, Megan A. Jensen, Boyi Dai
Sports-related labrum tears are associated with the high-risk repetitive motion and excessive contact force to the shoulder in sports. For example, the most common type (i.e. superior labrum tear and biceps tendon stripping) of SLAP tears is likely caused by repetitive overhead motion (Modarresi, Motamedi, and Jude, 2011). A mechanism of this injury is an abducted and externally rotated shoulder at a high velocity with a strongly activated biceps muscle, which often occurs in baseball pitching, tennis stroking, and volleyball spiking (Modarresi, Motamedi, and Jude, 2011). One frequent non-SLAP tear is the Bankart lesions, mostly occurring as anteroinferior tears of glenoid labrum due to anterior glenohumeral dislocation (McCarty, Ritchie, Gill, and McFarland, 2004). The anterior dislocation likely results from excessive external rotation and abduction of the shoulder, which forces the humerus out of the glenoid socket, damaging anterior structures in the process (Cutts, Prempeh, and Drew, 2009). As such, contact sports and collision sports such as American football and wrestling have an increased risk of anterior glenohumeral dislocations and Bankart lesions (Cho, Hwang, and Rhee, 2006; Mazzocca et al., 2005).
Comparison of Two Posterior Soft-Tissue Repair Techniques to Prevent Dislocation after Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Posterolateral Approach
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Matthew Jian-Qiao Peng, Hong-Wen Xu
The following references in the Journal of Investigative Surgery describe experiments that involve repairing abdominal, shoulder and hip lesions, either by platelet plasma, heterotopic bone, soft tissue, or bioabsorbable rivet. For instance, Aliabadi-Wahle et al. [2] used synthetic materials (TMS-1 and TMS-2 vs. polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene etc.) to repair abdominal wall fascial defects covered by soft tissue and reaffirmed that fascial closure is preferable only when soft tissue coverage over the repair cannot be achieved. They also found that TMS-2 is well tolerated. In a study published in 2007, Collins et al. [3] conducted a biomechanical study of Bankart lesion fixation comparing biodegradable ArthroRivet tack vs. suture repair and suggested the suitability of the bioabsorbable rivet for use in Bankart repair. This indicated that bioabsorbable fixation is possible and practical in soft tissue procedures performed in the shoulder. In 2011, Klaassen and Pietrzak [4] conducted a retrospective investigation of platelet-rich plasma application and heterotopic bone formation following total hip arthroplasty. They discovered that 21.3% of the control patients developed heterotopic bone compared to 12.9% of the treatment patients after one year, and this difference was not significant. This did not influence the severity of heterotopic ossification, as autologous blood products play less of a role in total hip arthroplasty. However, none of these studies address the topical technique of TB or TT repair, so Wu et al.’s paper raises interesting possibilities.