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Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
In the acute and sub-acute phases of injury, pain and injury are closely associated. The degree of pain in the early stage of injury is generally a fair reflection of the state of tissue. A more serious injury causes more pain. Pain is useful in these early stages, helping patients off-load damaged tissue. Pain causes a limp after an ankle sprain, for example.
Leg Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
In grade 1 ankle sprain, range of motion exercises and muscle strengthening exercises start on the second or the third day of injury. In grade 2 ankle sprain, the exercise begins on the third or the fifth day of injury. For grade 3 ankle sprain, the day to begin exercise depends on the severity of the ligament injury and the complications of the injury, such as a fracture.
Ankle instability
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
In the United States, 3.1 million ankle sprains were recorded over a 4-year period (1). An ‘ankle sprain’ is one of the most common presenting complaints to the Emergency Department. The majority of injuries (85%) are lateral ankle sprains (LASs). Whilst most sprains resolve with simple measures, the rate of long-term disability is high, associated with a significant socio-economic burden due to time off work and inability to play sport (2). In one study, almost 40% of patients had residual complaints at 6.5 years following injury (3). Furthermore, up to 40% of patients develop chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) after a LAS (4). This has led some to say, ‘There is no such thing as simple sprain!’ (5).
Injury, illness, and medication use surveillance during the 2020 COSAFA Women’s championship: a prospective cohort study of football players from Southern Africa
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2023
Nonhlanhla S. Mkumbuzi, Senanile B. Dlamini, Fidelis Chibhabha, Fredrick M. Govere
Most injuries (n = 55, 87%) were caused by contact with another player. Further, the majority of the injuries (n = 57; 90%) were a result of acute trauma, four (6.3%) were overuse injuries and two (3.2%) were recorded as both overuse and traumatic injuries. The injuries most commonly involved the lower extremity (n = 43; 68%), followed by injuries of the head and neck (n = 11, 18%), upper limb (n = 7, 11%) and trunk (n = 1, 1.6%). Ligament sprains (n = 26, 41%) were the most frequent type of injury, followed by contusions (n = 21, 33%) and muscle strains (n = 5, 7.9%). The most common diagnosis was an ankle sprain (Table 1). Slightly more than half of the match injuries (n = 24, 56%) were sustained during the second half of the match and 22% (n = 14) were a result of foul play as indicated by the award of a free kick, red, or yellow card.
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validation of the Taiwan-Chinese version of Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Chiao-I Lin, Frank Mayer, Pia-Maria Wippert
Ankle sprain is the most common injury in the athletic population accounting for 6.9–14.5% of all reported injuries in sports, such as American football, soccer, volleyball, gymnastics, lacrosse, basketball, and cross country [1]. Sports that demand running, cutting, jumping, landing accelerating and decelerating cause a high rate of ankle sprain [2]. After an acute ankle sprain 35% of individuals suffer from residual symptoms, pain, swelling, recurrent ankle sprain, loss of ankle function, giving way, and strength decreasing [3]. Different descriptions of this phenomenon had been suggested, chronic lateral ankle instability, recurrent lateral ankle instability, ankle instability, residual ankle instability, chronic instability, and chronic ankle sprain [3,4]. However, in 2014 the International Ankle Consortium termed that as Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) and characterized CAI as an individual that had endured a significant ankle sprain, and experienced episodes of giving way and/or recurrent ankle sprain and/or subjective ankle instability [5]. 40% of first-time acute ankle sprain developed into CAI, which caused a high rate of recurrent ankle sprain (12–80%), lowered the quality of daily life, affected functional performance, and may cause post-traumatic osteoarthritis [5–9].
Ankle sprain bracing solutions and future design consideration for civilian and military use
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Yingjun Zhao Dubuc, Brittney Mazzone, Adam J. Yoder, Elizabeth Russell Esposito, Tae Hoon Kang, Kenneth J. Loh, Shawn Farrokhi
In the United States, approximately 25,000 ankle sprains occur daily [1,2]. Ankle sprains can result in considerable time lost to injury, with 25% of those who sprain their ankles unable to attend school or work for at least one week, and most athletes missing significant sport participation time [3–5]. In addition, the financial burden of ankle sprains on the healthcare system is substantial, costing approximately $6.2 billion per year [6]. Age, sex, race, athletic participation, and military occupation are all well-known risk factors for first time or recurrent ankle sprains [2,7–9]. As many as 40% of individuals who suffer a first-time ankle sprain will go on to have lingering symptoms such as pain, swelling, and giving-way, in addition to recurrent ankle sprains, which are collectively referred to as chronic ankle instability (CAI) [6,10]. To this end, the presence of CAI can yield significant functional limitations and decreased health-related quality of life [11]. Furthermore, CAI is a known precursor to the development of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis [12,13], which is a progressive and degenerative joint disease that can lead to long-term disability with few effective conservative or pharmacological remedies [14,15].