China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ophthalmology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Preretinal haemorrhages are between the posterior vitreous face and the retina. They may be seen in sickle cell retinopathy, trauma, subarachnoid haemorrhage (Terson syndrome), non-accidental injury (never seen in isolation; widespread retinal and subretinal haemorrhages also seen with or without retinal schisis).
Test Paper 1
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
Vitreous haemorrhage is common, with varied clinical manifestations and causes. The most common causes include proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vitreous detachment with or without retinal breaks, and trauma. Less common causes include vascular occlusive disease, retinal arterial macroaneurysm, haemoglobinopathies, age-related macular degeneration, intra-ocular tumours and others. Terson syndrome is the occurrence of a vitreous haemorrhage of the human eye in association with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Aqueductal stenosis
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Manual of Neuroanesthesia, 2017
Samuel Y. Lee, Alaa Abd-Elsayed
Intraoperative concernsAdequate care for thermoregulation must be taken. Patients (particularly small children) are at risk for hypothermia during neuroendoscopy due to large exchanges of irrigating fluid and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Injury of basilar artery complex, leading to massive intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemiparesis, and midbrain damage.Meningeal irritation, headache, and high fever secondary to inflammatory response to irrigation fluids.Uncontrolled ICP can cause retinal hemorrhage, leading to Terson syndrome.
The Eyes Have It: How Critical are Ophthalmic Findings to the Diagnosis of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma?
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Cynthia K Harris, Anna M Stagner
Terson syndrome refers to intraocular bleeding (vitreous, intraretinal, subretinal, subhyaloid) secondary to, traditionally, subarachnoid hemorrhage.37,38 The cause of the intraocular bleeding is not definitively known. Most argue that it is the result of the rupture of small retinal vessels in response to an acute elevation of intracranial pressure, but other mechanisms have been proposed.39 The significance of Terson syndrome in the AHT debate cannot be overstated. If retinal hemorrhages are merely secondary to intracranial bleeding and increased intracranial pressure and are not a primary phenomenon, then what weight can be given to retinal hemorrhages in the diagnosis of AHT? To address this, we will examine three specific sub-points that arise from this question. Does Terson syndrome occur in infants?
Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS): a review of proposed mechanisms and analogs
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2020
Peter Wojcik, Shehzad Batliwala, Tyler Rowsey, Laura A. Galdamez, Andrew G. Lee
Terson syndrome is another terrestrial analog whose underlying mechanism could be related to abnormal connections between the brain and eye by way of the glymphatic system. The glymphatic pathway includes CSF entry into the optic nerve sheath via size-dependent paravascular spaces surrounding blood vessels, bordered by astrocytic end feet [60]. Wostyn et al. hypothesized that in astronauts, an increased ICP may lead to the reduction or reversal of the normal trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (intraocular pressure minus ICP) resulting in a one-way valve between the glymphatics in the retina and optic nerve [61]. This in turn could lead to a partial or complete obstruction of the posterior fluid outflow from the eye, with glymphatic stasis further contributing to optic disc edema [61]. Sakamoto et al. speculated that a continuous network of paravascular channels that surround the optic nerve and their branches in the retina may serve as drainage channels from the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve to beneath the internal limiting membrane [61]. This might explain the mechanism by which an intracranial hemorrhage manifests as a secondary intraocular hemorrhage, a classic feature of Terson syndrome. In a similar fashion, a mild but chronically elevated intracranial pressure in the setting of microgravity could facilitate paravascular CSF influx into the prelaminar region of the optic nerve head, thus contributing to optic disc edema seen in SANS [60].
A case of aneurysmal subarchnoid haemorrhage and superficial siderosis complicated by prospagnosia, simultagnosia and alexia without agraphia
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Mohammed Fadelalla, Avinash Kanodia, Mustafa Elsheikh, John Ellis, Vivien Smith, Kismet Hossain-Ibrahim
We report the first case of visual cognitive difficulties in a patient with SAH and subsequent superficial siderosis. Cognitive visual impairment ought to be considered in patients where Terson Syndrome post-SAH does not improve and managed with ophthalmology and neuropsychology support.