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Introduction
Published in Anita Prasad, Laser Techniques in Ophthalmology, 2022
Lasers have branched into diagnostic realms, including the laser-based microscopic technique for early diagnosis of ocular (ARMD, glaucoma) and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Laser technology is used in investigative techniques such as laser interferometry, spectroscopy, microperimetry mapping of macula, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT and OCT-A), and laser retinal Doppler flowmetry.
Screening Programs
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Jakob Grauslund, Malin Lundberg Rasmussen
The introduction of ultra-wide-field (UWF) retinal imaging has provided a more contemporary solution, taking into account the availability of this method to visualize 80% of the entire retina, which is substantially more than the 30% of the retinal surface visualized by seven-field ETDRS imaging. In addition, pupil dilation is not mandatory for UWF. However, such cameras are more expensive than traditional fundus cameras, and identification of retinal lesions might be more difficult for UWF that use scanning laser ophthalmoscope instead of true colors.
Medical and Mathematical Background
Published in Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza, Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, 2020
Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza
Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (CSLO): commercially, this imaging modality is known as Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT). It uses a special laser beam that is focused on the surface of the optic nerve in order to precisely capture a 3D image of the optic disc and the surrounding retina. HRT is a powerful diagnostic tool, particularly for glaucoma.
An Iris Tumor Secondary to Talaromyces Marneffei Infection in a Patient with AIDS and Syphilis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Tingkun Shi, Lingjie Wu, Jinnan Cai, Haoyu Chen
A 25-year-old man presented to our ophthalmology clinic with chief complaint of gradual vision decrease and redness in his right eye for 2 months. There was no eye pain or headache. He had a 6-month history of fever, weight loss, and cough. He was diagnosed with AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis and received anti-tuberculosis therapy at a local hospital and the symptoms recovered. The patient refused Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) at the local hospital. On examination, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.12 and 1.0, the intraocular pressure was 12mmH and 15 mmHg for the right and left eye, respectively. Slit-lamp microscopy examination revealed a vascularized tumor at the iris base from 6 to 9 o’clock with locally dilated conjunctival vessels and iris crimple in the right eye (Figure 1a). There was associated mild corneal edema, aqueous cells +, and posterior synechia. The lens and the posterior segment were normal. Examination of the left eye was normal. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Figure 1b) and ultrasound microscopy identified that the tumor was solid, the anterior chamber angle at 7–10 o’clock was closed, and there was ciliary detachment at 7–9 o’clock. Ultrasound B scan showed mild vitreous opacity and ultrawide angle scanning laser ophthalmoscope found no lesion on the retina (Figure 2). There were some papulonecrotic skin lesions on the face, neck, arms, legs, trunk, and oral mucosa, which also developed 2 months ago (Figure 1c).
The application of advanced imaging techniques in glaucoma
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2022
Su Ling Young, Nikhil Jain, Andrew J Tatham
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy utilizes wavefront sensors that measures aberrations in ocular optics and a deformable mirrors or spatial light modulators to compensate for aberrations in human eyes, which enables detailed imaging of individual retinal nerve fiber layer microstructures previously not possible with conventional scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, including retinal ganglion cells despite advanced RNFL thinning [77]. To date case-control studies [77,78] have identified microcystic changes arising from small hyper-reflective structures the inner nuclear layer and progressive expansion of retinal nerve fiber bundle narrowing over a period ranging from 4 months to over a year. Whilst further research is required, these changes may be potential biomarkers for glaucoma progression.
Foveal Displacement following Temporal Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Technique for Full Thickness Macular Holes: 12 Months Results
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Sami Yilmaz, Aysegul Mavi Yildiz, Remzi Avci
High-speed, simultaneous confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and SD-OCT images were obtained using Spectralis SD-OCT. Radial line scan protocol which consists of 24 equally spaced B scan images and MC images were captured at 30°. Papillofoveal distance and minimum hole diameter were measured using a manual caliper parallel to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) on the horizontal B-scans of SD-OCT. We first identified the center of the MH and postoperative presumed foveal center. The center of the macular hole was identified as the anatomical center of the hole preoperatively on SD-OCT and composite MC images. The center of a closed macular hole was defined as the hyperreflective junction of the closed macular hole or the center of foveal depression in the horizontal B-scans OCT images and prominent orange area on composite MC images. Then we identified three landmarks on the retina: the first retinal vascular bifurcation or crossover region located superonasal and inferonasal to the fovea and ciliary vessel at the temporal margin of the optic disc.