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An Insight into Advanced Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Biomimetic Systems in Tissue Engineering
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Kusha Sharma, Abhay Tharmatt, Pooja A Chawla, Kamal Shah, Viney Chawla, Bharti Sapra, Neena Bedi
Several degenerative ocular diseases require the advancement of non-invasive regenerative techniques, including acute macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other congenital retinal defects such as Leber amaurosis, retinitis pigmentosa and X-linked retinoschisis (San Thian et al., 2006). The current treatment options include laser surgery, photodynamic therapy, vitrectomy, and delivery of angiostatic steroids. Some current therapies fail to address the challenge, whereas others are associated with severe adverse effects (Langer, 2000). So, increasing efforts have been undertaken in the last decade to apply nanotechnology-based systems for the regeneration of lost or damaged eye tissues. Several biocompatible materials are being designed into nanoscaffolds that have a significant role in treating retinal and ocular regeneration (Kaul and Ventikos, 2015). The nanofibrous membranes can imitate natural substrate for retinal pigment epithelium to a great extent, leading to the engineering of in vivo human retinal pigment epithelium monolayer while maintaining its biofunctional characteristics. For corneal tissue regeneration, the scaffolds should be optimised to have sufficient porosity along with mechanical and optical properties (Nukavarapu et al., 2008, Rodriguez-Contreras et al., 2018). A variety of natural and synthetic polymers were used for the fabrication of nanoscaffolds, including a mixture of polyvinyl acetate with collagen type I, collagen with PLGA, PCL with PGS, collagen type I with chondroitin sulphate, and silk fibroin with poly (L-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (Cruz-Maya et al., 2019, Pellegrini et al., 1997). Nanoscaffolds are currently being developed for lens regeneration, which is generally injected into the lens capsule following the removal of its content (Alaminos et al., 2006).
The Development, Growth, and Regeneration of the Crystalline Lens: A Review
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
LEC mediated lens regeneration is closely linked to the process by which the intact lens grows throughout life. The lens epithelium is continuously proliferating and differentiating into lens fiber cells.7–9 When the lens fiber cell bundle is removed, the remaining LECs are able to regenerate the lens through the same process of proliferation followed by differentiation. Lens regeneration occurs as either the formation of a new lens or the replacement of removed tissue from the lens. The processes governing how the lens initially forms and grows over time provide valuable insight in the mechanisms governing the processes of lens regeneration.