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Nutritional and Health Benefits of Marine Mollusks
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Many groups of mollusks widely participate in the world’s consumption of marine food since they provide diverse bioactive peptides that play a major role in human well-being. For example, abalones are key marine animals possessing significant medical importance (Kim and Pallela 2012). Besides the sale of soft bodies in food markets, even dried abalones are sold in medical shops in Hong Kong, Singapore and Southeast Asia. Refined and handled abalone shells are particularly regarded as cures for some eye diseases and are used as a calcium supplements (Kim and Pallela 2012). Furthermore, the powdered flat shell of the abalone can be taken orally to ameliorate vision, mitigate keratoses (cataracts) and control some conditions such as hemeralopia. Likewise, oyster shells have a wide variety of uses in Vietnam: Powdered oyster shell is orally administered to treat acid indigestion and fatigue and to stop hemorrhage (Kim and Pallela 2012).
Trimethadione and Paramethadione
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Sedation and fatigue as well as agitation and psychosis have been described and are probably related to dose. A wide variety of toxic reactions has been described. Most are quite rare and have remitted with discontinuation of the medication. Pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, nephrotic syndrome, and severe skin reactions have occasionally been fatal (9–11). Other complications include hemeralopia and photophobia (14), myasthenia gravis (13), systemic lupus erythematosus (14), arthritis arthralgia (8), and precipitation or aggravation of grand mal seizures (8).
Photoaversion in inherited retinal diseases: clinical phenotypes, biological basis, and qualitative and quantitative assessment
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Serena Zaman, Thomas Kane, Mohamed Katta, Michalis Georgiou, Michel Michaelides
Photophobia is a broad term and can be taken to mean both avoidance of light as well as pain caused by a light stimulus (7). There may be benefit in subdivision by certain features. Photoallodynia (3,8) or photo-oculodynia (3), implies (peri)ocular pain or discomfort in an individual where exposure to a light stimulus of the same brightness would not elicit discomfort or pain in an unaffected individual. Disruption to vision in bright light can be an accompanying feature and is termed as day blindness. Hemeralopia as a term should be avoided, as it was often used incorrectly to describe both day and night blindness interchangeably in the literature, giving rise to confusion (9). Photo-cephalodynia (10) is described as the headache caused by or made worse by light, such as that seen in migraineurs. Photoaversion (PA) is the light avoidance response and can be measured and is therefore used to quantify photoallodynia in a research setting. When profound, as in many IRDs, photoallodynia can be debilitating, with huge emotional, psychological, social, and activities of daily living implications for affected individuals (11). At present, management largely consists of avoidance of problematic stimuli and/or wearing dark tinted spectacles or contact lenses (12,13)—which are helpful (albeit often making patients feel self-conscious), but do not fully address the PA, and moreover, result in further degrading the quality of vision in patients who already have severely compromised central vision.
PRPH2 mutation as the cause of various clinical manifestations in a family affected with inherited retinal dystrophy
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2019
Narsis Daftarian, Mehraban Mirrahimi, Hamideh Sabbaghi, Afrooz Moghadasi, Niloufar Zal, Hossein Dehghan Banadaki, Hamid Ahmadieh, Fatemeh Suri
Patient (III-7) was a 66-year-old female with hemeralopia and gradually decreasing central vision since her fifth decade of life. At the time of presentation, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/80 in the left eye. Fundus exam revealed trace pallor of optic disc along with areolar or patchy type chorioretinal atrophy predominantly involving the macula (Figure 2). Her medical records revealed the possible diagnosis of macular pattern dystrophy in the past, gradually evolving to areolar dystrophy. Macular OCT showed atrophy of the outer retina-RPE-choriocapillaries complex in both eyes with a relative preservation of the fovea (Figure 3). Decreased photopic and scotopic ERG amplitudes and very low EOG Arden ratios were also detected. Findings suggested central areolar chorioretinal dystrophy as the most probable clinical diagnosis for her.
CRX-linked macular dystrophy with intrafamilial variable expressivity
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2018
Khaled Romdhane, Veronika Vaclavik, Daniel F. Schorderet, Francis L. Munier, H. Viet Tran
The patient had a childhood history of right eye esotropia and amblyopia treatment with patching as well as photophobia, but had no history of hemeralopia, visual field restriction, or nystagmus. Best Snellen visual acuity at 4 years of age was 0.3 with a spherical equivalent (SE) of −3 diopters in the right eye (OD) and 0.6 with a SE of −2.5 diopters in the left eye (OS), at which time occlusion treatment for right eye amblyopia was prescribed. At 8 years of age, his vision was recorded at 0.9 in both eyes (OU) with a SE progressing to −4 diopters OU, but thereon decreased slowly to 0.5 OU with a SE of −7 diopters OU at the age of 19. His mother presented congenital deafness. No similar cases were reported in the family.