China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Disorders of keratinization and other genodermatoses
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Oral retinoids are the only effective modality of treatment and have to be given for long periods. Emollients provide symptomatic relief. Patients with ectropion also require eyecare with lubricants and artificial tears to prevent corneal ulcers.
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Irene De Francesco, Sean Whittaker, Stephen L. Morris
The development of pre-malignant and malignant skin tumors will depend on the complementation group and the level of UV exposure that the patient is subjected to. Often, there are numerous actinic keratoses as well as cutaneous horns and kerato-acanthomas (KAs). Both SCCs and BCCs may appear from an early age.38,39 Melanomas occur in up to 5% of Caucasian xeroderma pigmentosum patients, but studies of patients in Libya and South Africa have not shown a greater incidence of MM in Libyans and black South Africans.38,39 The most common eye manifestation is photophobia with telangiectasia of the conjunctiva. There is gross hyperpigmentation of the eyelids, and severe ectropion can result from superficial ulceration of the skin around the eye. Scarring of the cornea and pinguecula-like growths may occur. Patients are particularly prone to SCC of the lip, and this has a particularly poor prognosis. Of xeroderma pigmentosum patients, 18% display progressive neurological abnormalities. The most severe are seen in group A patients, with mild disease seen in group D patients. This is caused by primary neuronal degeneration and loss. A mild clinical phenotype, XP variant, is recognized, which can be missed clinically but is usually associated with early onset of NMSC and marked photodamage.
Head and neck
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Ectropion is the outward turning of the lower eyelid margin. Other related conditions include the following: Blepharochalasis is laxity of eyelid skin associated with aging.Blepharophimosis is an abnormally narrow palpebral fissure.Blepharoptosis (‘ptosis’) is an abnormally low upper lid margin (see above).
Ocular Surface Disease and Anti-Glaucoma Medications: Various features, Diagnosis, and Management Guidelines
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Sowmya Andole, Sirisha Senthil
Topical beta-blockers can cause medication-induced adverse effects on the eyelids and conjunctiva. Apraclonidine can cause contact dermatitis of the periocular area and eyelids.7 Contact dermatitis occurs due to a portion of the drug binds to the dermal protein to form a complex hapten, which sensitizes the individual. When the drug is re-instilled it induces a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, which is the cause for allergy. Apraclonidine can also cause ectropion of the eyelid which progressed to cicatricial ectropion in some patients.20,21 In individuals with preexisting lid laxity, tissue edema due to allergy can worsen the preexisting problem resulting in ectropion. Chronic allergy with skin excoriation can also cause fibrotic changes and tissue shortening that can lead to ectropion.
Punctal stenosis associated with dupilumab therapy for atopic dermatitis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Debora H. Lee, Liza M. Cohen, Michael K. Yoon, Jeremiah P. Tao
A 31-year old man with severe, refractory AD treated with dupilumab was referred for evaluation of irritation, redness, and tearing of both eyes for approximately 6 months. Notably, symptoms of tearing had developed 2 weeks after the onset of irritation and redness. He had started biweekly dupilumab 300 mg injections for AD 1 year prior and had recently initiated topical prednisolone acetate 1% for his ocular symptoms. Clinical exam revealed bilateral eyelid dermatitis with edema, conjunctival injection, and four severely stenotic puncta (Figure 2). Lacrimal irrigation was not possible due to the severity of stenosis; however, insufficient tear drainage was diagnosed on dye disappearance and Jones I tests (i.e. flow of fluorescein dye through the lacrimal drainage system was found to be inadequate). Given his preference in continuing dupilumab due to otherwise refractory AD, the patient agreed to reassess after resolution of conjunctivitis, for which erythromycin and artificial tears were added. One month later, ocular symptoms persisted, and mild ectropion had developed bilaterally. Patient preferred to add topical prednisolone acetate 0.12% for conjunctivitis and to consider ectropion repair and punctoplasty with silicone stent intubation if epiphora persisted. Over two additional months of follow-up however, his symptoms remained severe and largely unresolved with eyedrops providing only mild relief.
Surgical management of isolated orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures with focus on surgical approaches and complications
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Martina Schneider, Inga S. Besmens, Yeda Luo, Pietro Giovanoli, Nicole Lindenblatt
The discussion about the ideal approach to the inferior orbital rim and orbital floor is ongoing. Lower eyelid incisions (subciliary and subtarsal) have a higher risk of postoperative ectropion or scleral show compared to a transconjunctival approach. Authors report on development of an ectropion after subciliary incision in from 5 to 42% of their cases. When comparing subciliary with subtarsal approach a better aesthetic result due to a less visible scar has been attributed to the subciliary approach which is one of the reasons this approach had been preferred in our department [16]. On the downside however ectropion as well as scleral show have been more commonly attributed to the subciliary incision in previous studies [17]. With the transconjunctival approach a postoperative ectropion appears to be a rare complication but with this approach the risk for a postoperative entropion is reported with rates of 0–20% [18–20]. As one clinical consequence of the present study we have since switched our general surgical approach for these type of fractures to the transconjuctival approach