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Amblyopia (Nutritional)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Amblyopia, also known as “lazy eye,” is dimness of vision occurring in one eye. Central dimness or paracentral scotomata (a small area of blindness) may be present but without apparent physical defect or disease. The condition is often due to poor nutrition (e.g., persons with a history of alcohol abuse, severe nutritional deprivation, or vitamin B12 deficiency). The condition is generally reversible if treated with proper diet and vitamins within two or three months of the onset of visual loss.
An Approach to Visual Loss in a Child
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Muhammad Hassaan Ali, Stacy L. Pineles
Another limitation is lack of awareness among general practitioners regarding various pediatric eye diseases. Many family practitioners advise parents to delay treatment to get child old enough to start treatment. Some physicians counsel the parents that the problem may resolve spontaneously as the child gets old or unilateral disease can be compensated with other healthy eye. These misunderstandings lead to late referrals and children present with advanced features of diseases. This is the reason that patients as old as 12–15 years are seen for the very first time with dense amblyopia. Even after timely referral, some parents delay treatment thinking that their child is too young for any ocular surgery or wear glasses.
Neurology and neurosurgery
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
Susceptibility to amblyopia is greatest within the first 3 years of life and the risk lasts until full visual potential and stability have been achieved. Treatment after the age of 4 years is, therefore, unsatisfactory. Treatment consists of occluding the good eye. Anisometropia results in squint in order to suppress the image of the deviating eye and to avoid diplopia. If it is untreated it would result in amblyopia. There is no disturbance of pupillary reflex in amblyopia.
Factors Influencing the Success of Atropine Penalization Treatment in Amblyopia Patients Non-Responsive to Occlusion Treatment
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Pinar Sultan, Utku Demir, Saliha Eda Sonmezay, Hulya Gungel
The importance of starting amblyopia treatment before age 7 years is well known, but studies have shown that amblyopia treatment is also effective after that age.15 While some studies report that age has an effect on the responsiveness of occlusion therapy, others have shown the opposite.10 When investigating the effect of age on atropine treatment in patients resistant to occlusion, Seol et al.11 concluded that atropine treatment was effective in younger patients. In our study, the reason why we could not find a difference in age between the two groups may be that the mean age and the mean age at the start of patch therapy were older than in the Seol et al. study.11 Further prospective studies are needed to clarify this point. Another reason for the disparity between the two studies could be the different follow-up periods.
The Impact of Occlusion Therapy on Amblyopia Success Outcomes
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Amblyopia is a reduction in visual acuity for which no structural abnormality can be detected during the physical examination of the eye.1 Amblyopia has a prevalence of 1–5% and is the most common visual deficit in children in the developed world.2–5 Unilateral amblyopia is often associated with anisometropia (46–79% of cases) and strabismus (19–50% of cases).6–12 Although more often a unilateral condition, amblyopia can also be a bilateral process consisting of 5–14% of cases.7,8 It is during the critical period (generally accepted to end around age 7–8 years)8 of visual development that the amblyopic eye, with appropriate therapeutic intervention, can reach its optimal potential. It is also during that critical plasticity period that amblyopia can recur post therapy cessation. Once the amblyopic eye achieves its maximal VA potential, during this critical period of cortical plasticity, it is believed that this acuity can be reestablished even if the cortical plasticity period has ceased.13
Adherence to home-based videogame treatment for amblyopia in children and adults
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Tina Y Gao, Joanna M Black, Raiju J Babu, William R Bobier, Arijit Chakraborty, Shuan Dai, Cindy X Guo, Robert F Hess, Michelle Jenkins, Yannan Jiang, Lisa S Kearns, Lionel Kowal, Carly S Y Lam, Peter C K Pang, Varsha Parag, Roberto Pieri, Rajkumar Nallour Raveendren, Jayshree South, Sandra Elfride Staffieri, Angela Wadham, Natalie Walker, Benjamin Thompson
Amblyopia, colloquially known as ‘lazy eye’, is a common neurodevelopmental visual condition that occurs in 1-3% of the population.1 Most forms of amblyopia are characterised by reduced visual acuity in one eye and abnormal, unbalanced binocular vision. Amblyopia is most commonly caused by childhood high anisometropia (large difference in refractive error between eyes), strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), or a combination of the two factors. In current standard clinical practice, amblyopia is treated in childhood with full-time wear of prescription glasses, followed by daily patching or atropine eye drops to penalise vision in the better-seeing eye for many months to years.2 These long duration therapies are usually delivered at home by parents or caregivers, as office-based delivery for such prolonged treatment is costly and impractical. However, home-based treatments for amblyopia are often associated with poor treatment adherence.3